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. 2023 Sep 7:13:1239147.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1239147. eCollection 2023.

A protective maternal nutrient concomitant intake associated with acute leukemia might be modified by sex, in children under 2 years

Ángel Mérida-Ortega  1 , María Luisa Pérez-Saldivar  2 , Laura E Espinoza-Hernández  3 , Elisa M Dorantes-Acosta  4 , José Refugio Torres-Nava  5 , Karina A Solís-Labastida  6 , Rogelio Paredes-Aguilera  7 , Martha M Velázquez-Aviña  8 , Rosa Martha Espinosa-Elizondo  9 , M Raquel Miranda-Madrazo  10 , Ana Itamar González-Ávila  11 , Luis Rodolfo Rodríguez-Villalobos  12 , Juan José Dosta-Herrera  13 , Javier A Mondragón-García  14 , Alejandro Castañeda-Echevarría  15 , M Guadalupe López-Caballero  16 , Sofía I Martínez-Silva  17 , Juan Rivera-González  18 , Norma Angélica Hernández-Pineda  19 , Jesús Flores-Botello  20 , Jessica Arleet Pérez-Gómez  21 , María Adriana Rodríguez-Vázquez  22 , Delfino Torres-Valle  23 , Jaime Ángel Olvera-Durán  24 , Annel Martínez-Ríos  25 , Luis R García-Cortés  26 , Carolina Almeida-Hernández  27 , Janet Flores-Lujano  2 , Juan Carlos Núñez-Enríquez  2 , Minerva Mata-Rocha  28 , Haydeé Rosas-Vargas  29 , David Aldebarán Duarte-Rodríguez  2 , Silvia Jiménez-Morales  30 , Juan Manuel Mejía-Arangure  31   32 , Lizbeth López-Carrillo  1
Affiliations

A protective maternal nutrient concomitant intake associated with acute leukemia might be modified by sex, in children under 2 years

Ángel Mérida-Ortega et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal dietary consumption during pregnancy has been inconclusively associated with acute leukemia (AL) in infants, probably because epidemiological evidence has emerged mainly from the analysis of one-by-one nutrient, which is not a real-life scenario. Our objective was to evaluate the association between AL in Mexican children under 2 years of age and their mothers' nutrients concomitant intake during pregnancy, as well as to explore whether there are differences between girls and boys.

Methods: We conducted a study of 110 cases of AL and 252 hospital-based controls in the Mexico City Metropolitan area from 2010 to 2019. We obtained information on maternal intake of 32 nutrients by a food frequency questionnaire and used weighted quantile sum regression to identify nutrient concomitant intakes.

Results: We found a concomitant intake of nutrients negatively associated with AL (OR 0.17; CI95% 0.03,0.88) only among girls; and we did not find a nutrient concomitant intake positively associated with AL.

Discussion: This is the first study that suggests nutrients that have been individually associated with AL are not necessarily the same in the presence of other nutrients (concomitant intake); as well as that maternal diet might reduce AL risk only in girls.

Keywords: infant; leukemia; mexico; nutrients; pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Directed acyclic graph of maternal diet intake and acute leukemia. White circles= adjusting variables; red circles= ancestor of exposure and outcome that does not need to be adjusted for; blue circle other than acute leukemia circle= ancestor of outcome. Green lines correspond to direct and indirect causal paths between maternal diet and Acute Leukemia, the latter are mediated by child’s age at diagnosis and weight of the child at birth.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Identification and uncertainty of nutrients within the concomitant intakes associated with Acute Leukemia. Dotted red lines show the 0.03 threshold, identifying those nutrients of concern. Data points indicate weights for each of the 50 holdouts. Box plots show 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, and whiskers show 10th and 90th percentiles of weights for all holdouts. Diamonds show mean weights.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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