Vitamin C Improves Inflammatory-related Redox Status in Hyperlipidemic Rats

Abstract

Excessive dietary fat is mainly responsible for metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We have evaluated the role of Vitamin C in an experimental hyperlipidemic model of rats (male Wistar rat 12-16 months). The hyperlipidemic model of the rat was created by treatment with an atherogenic suspension: cholesterol, cholic acid, and coconut oil, for 30 days once daily, and supplemented with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) doses of 0.5 g/kg body weight (orally) for the 30 days once daily. Bodyweight, fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, ROS (Reactive oxygen species), MDA (Malondialdehyde), FRAP (Ferric reducing the ability of plasma), GSH (Reduced glutathione), PCO (Protein carbonyl), PON-1(Paraoxonase-1), AGE (Advanced glycation end product), PMRS (Plasma membrane reduced system), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were estimated in blood and plasma. Our result shows that oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, were increased in the HFD-treated group of rats. Vitamin C supplementation protected against lipidemic and, oxidative stress. We conclude that Vitamin C may be useful in maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting against lipidemic stress.

Keywords: Antioxidant; CVD; HFD; Hyperlipidemia; IL-6, TNF-alpha; Oxidative stress; Vitamin C.

Fig. 1

(A) Intracellular ROS was analyzed with fluorescent dye DCFDA in all groups of rats with Spectrofluorimetric. Data are shown as mean ± SD of six independent experiments, and the generation of ROS is expressed as % change of normal control.^* (p < 0.05) when compared with normal control. ^# (p < 0.05) represent when compared with HFD group of the rat (B) Lipid peroxidation is represented in terms of MDA in all groups.^* represent significantly increased (p < 0.05) in MDA level of the HFD group when compared with the control group. ^# represents a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the HFD + Vitamin C group when compared with the HFD group FRAP and GSH values are represented in Fig. 1(C &D). Data are shown as mean ± SD of six independent experiments, ^* (p < 0.05) when compared with normal control. ^# (p < 0.05) represent when compared with HFD group of the rat

Fig. 2

Protein carbonyl (PCO) & PON-1 are represented in Fig. 2(A& B).^* represent (p < 0.05) when compared with normal control group of rat. ^# (p < 0.05) represent when compared with HFD group of rat. (C & D) represent the AGE and PMRS level in all experimental group of the rat. Data are shown as mean ± SD of six independent experiments.^* (p < 0.05) when compared with normal control. ^# (p < 0.05) represent when compared with HFD group of the rat

Fig. 3

(A & B) represents the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum. The value is expressed as pg/ml serum. ^* represent (p < 0.05) when compared with a normal control group of the rat. ^# (p < 0.05) represent when compared with HFD group of the rat