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Review
. 2023 Sep 11:14:1238882.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238882. eCollection 2023.

CCHFV vaccine development, current challenges, limitations, and future directions

Büşra Ahata  1   2 , Günseli Bayram Akçapınar  1
Affiliations
Review

CCHFV vaccine development, current challenges, limitations, and future directions

Büşra Ahata et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most prevalent tick-borne viral disease affecting humans. The disease is life-threatening in many regions of the developing world, including Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Southern Europe. In line with the rapidly increasing disease prevalence, various vaccine strategies are under development. Despite a large number of potential vaccine candidates, there are no approved vaccines as of yet. This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of current efforts to develop vaccines against CCHFV, limitations associated with current efforts, and future research directions.

Keywords: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; DNA-based vaccines; mRNA-based vaccines; vaccines; viral vectored vaccines; virus-like particle (VLP).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) virion structure. CCHFV is an enveloped RNA virus with tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA. Virus envelopes contain special glycoproteins known as Gn and Gc. CCHFV consists of three genomic segments - small (S), medium (M), and large (L). In the S segment, the viral nucleoprotein (NP) is encoded in one reading frame, and the small nonstructural proteins (NSs) in an opposite-sense reading frame. The M segment encodes a glycoprotein precursor (GPC) which is processed by host proteases to produce GP160/85 domains, mucinlike domains (MLD) and GP38, as well as the medium non-structural protein (NSm). The L segment of CCHFV encoded protein contains the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Created with BioRender.com.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A visual representation of the current status of CCHFV vaccine platforms. The limitations of existing vaccine candidates against CCHFV, as well as several new approaches and potential strategies for vaccine development, are highlighted. Created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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