Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Aug 29;9(10):FSO894.
doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0104. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19

Annette d'Arqom  1   2 , Muh Akram  3 , Nafesa Shafira Azzahranisa  3 , Mhd Zamal Nasution  4 , Endang Retno Surjaningrum  5 , Junaidah Yusof  6
Affiliations

Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19

Annette d'Arqom et al. Future Sci OA. .

Abstract

Aim: Changes during the COVID-19 pandemic might create pressure on different people, thus this study aimed to measure respondents' psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron wave in Java Island.

Methods: A web-based survey on societal influence and COVID-19-related psychological distress was distributed through social media in November-December 2021, and received 396 responses.

Results: This study showed that almost 50% of respondents faced psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially concerning hypervigilance and avoidance. Several sociodemographic factors might contribute to the incidence of psychological distress including comorbidity, age and education.

Conclusion: Taken together, the incidence of COVID-19-related psychological distress was still found in the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially among young adults.

Keywords: anxiety; desirability; distance; information; mental health.

Plain language summary

The COVID-19 pandemic hits every aspect of human life, including the social and psychological aspects. This study was conducted to measure these changes in Indonesian adults who stayed on Java Island during the early phase of the Omicron wave. Using an online questionnaire, 396 responses were received and analyzed. The results showed that almost half of the respondents still had symptoms of psychological distress. Several sociodemographic factors might contribute to the incidence of psychological distress including comorbidity, age, and education. Understanding these factors might bring benefits for future pandemic preparedness.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Incidence of COVID-19-related psychological distress among young and middle age adults in Java Island, Indonesia during early Omicron wave.
(A) Hypervigilance. (B) Somatic symptom. (C) Avoidance. (D) Re-experience.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Forest plot of predictive factors on each distress symptom.
(A) Hypervigilance. (B) Somatic symptom. (C) Avoidance. (D) Re-experience. Boldface numbers indicates significant p-value.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579(7798), 270–273 (2020). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. COVID-19: transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clin. Chim. Acta 508, 254–266 (2020). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Falzone L, Gattuso G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Libra M. Current and innovative methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection (Review). Int. J. Mol. Med. 47(6), 1–23 (2021). - PMC - PubMed
    1. WHO. Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on... (2023).
    1. Worldometer. Coronavirus Cases Indonesia. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/indonesia/ (2023).

LinkOut - more resources