Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or autism are more prone to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders than the general population. These disorders can significantly affect their health, learning, and development due to various factors such as genetics, environment, and behavior. The causes of GI disorders in children with ASD can include gut dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, and sensory processing differences. Many studies suggest that numerous children with ASD experience GI problems, and effective management is crucial. Diagnosing autism is typically done through genetic, neurological, functional, and behavioral assessments and observations, while GI tests are not consistently reliable. Some GI tests may increase the risk of developing ASD or exacerbating symptoms. Addressing GI issues in individuals with ASD can improve their overall well-being, leading to better behavior, cognitive function, and educational abilities. Proper management can improve digestion, nutrient absorption, and appetite by relieving physical discomfort and pain. Alleviating GI symptoms can improve sleep patterns, increase energy levels, and contribute to a general sense of well-being, ultimately leading to a better quality of life for the individual and improved family dynamics. The primary goal of GI interventions is to improve nutritional status, reduce symptom severity, promote a balanced mood, and increase patient independence.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders, Children; Gastrointestinal disorders; Gluten-free casein-free diet, Dietary management; Gut microbiota; Ketogenic diet.

Figure 1

Increase the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders. These factors may include genetic variations, abnormal gut-brain axis, dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, sensory processing and integration differences, dysautonomia, and abnormal behaviors. GI: Gastrointestinal.

Figure 2

The mutual interaction between autism spectrum disorders and gastrointestinal disorders. ASD: Autism spectrum disorders.