Recent Development and Application of "Nanozyme" Artificial Enzymes-A Review

Abstract

Nanozymes represent a category of nano-biomaterial artificial enzymes distinguished by their remarkable catalytic potency, stability, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and degradability. These attributes position them as premier biomaterials with extensive applicability across medical, industrial, technological, and biological domains. Following the discovery of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with peroxidase-mimicking capabilities, extensive research endeavors have been dedicated to advancing nanozyme utilization. Their capacity to emulate the functions of natural enzymes has captivated researchers, prompting in-depth investigations into their attributes and potential applications. This exploration has yielded insights and innovations in various areas, including detection mechanisms, biosensing techniques, and device development. Nanozymes exhibit diverse compositions, sizes, and forms, resembling molecular entities such as proteins and tissue-based glucose. Their rapid impact on the body necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their intricate interplay. As each day witnesses the emergence of novel methodologies and technologies, the integration of nanozymes continues to surge, promising enhanced comprehension in the times ahead. This review centers on the expansive deployment and advancement of nanozyme materials, encompassing biomedical, biotechnological, and environmental contexts.

Keywords: biomimetic; catalytic; enzymatic; nanomaterial; nanozymes.

Figure 1

General classification of biomaterial types and some examples: synthetic and natural.

Figure 2

Role of nanozymes in peroxidase catalytic activity.

Figure 3

Role of nanozymes in oxidation catalytic activity.

Figure 4

Illustration of antitumor mechanism/activity by nanozymes against cancer cells.

Figure 5

Mechanisms behind the use of nanozymes in degrading environmental pollutants.