Endoscopic Retrieval of Esophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies in Cats and Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 92 Cases

Abstract

Esophageal and gastric foreign bodies (FBs) commonly occur in small animal practices, and their endoscopic removal has been previously reported. However, few studies reported the endoscopic instruments used for the retrieval attempt and the time spent for endoscopic removal. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that can influence the success rate and timing of the endoscopic retrieval of FBs. The medical records of 92 animals undergoing endoscopic removal of esophageal (n = 12) and gastric (n = 84) FBs have been reviewed. Two dogs had FBs in both the esophagus and stomach. From medical records and video recordings, there were extrapolated data on signalment, clinical signs, endoscopic devices used, success of retrieval, and duration of endoscopy. Endoscopic removal of FBs was successful in 88% cases, and the mean time spent for the extraction was 59.74 min (range, 10-120 min). The success rate and timing for the removal of endoscopic foreign bodies (EFBs) are influenced by several factors in our population: medium-breed dogs, adult animals, and localization of FBs in the body of the stomach increased the probability of failure during the endoscopic retrieval attempt. Conversely, the success and timing of the retrieval of EFBs were higher in puppies and with increasing operator's experience. Moreover, the use of combination devices such as polypectomy snare and grasping forceps negatively influenced the success of extraction of FBs. Further prospective and comparative studies in a large and multicentric population of patients can be useful to create interventional endoscopic guidelines, as in human medicine.

Keywords: cats; dogs; endoscopy; esophagus; foreign bodies; gastric.

Figure 1

(A) Plastic FB in the fundus of the stomach; (B) textile FB in the body of the stomach; (C) wooden toothpick in the antrum of the stomach.

Figure 2

Graph shows the number of cases in which ancillary devices were used for endoscopic removal of esophageal and gastric FBs.

Figure 3

Boxplot shows time spent for the extraction of FBs in the animals included in the study.

Figure 4

Main complications observed in dogs with esophageal FBs. (A). Thoracic esophagus—esophageal mucosa was characterized by 2–4 mm multifocal erosions/ulcerations and diffuse hemorrhages. (B). Cardia (thoracic esophagus)—esophageal mucosa shows edema, hyperemia, and hemorrhages. A 4 mm mucosal erosion/ulceration is evident.