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. 2023 Aug 31;13(9):1271.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci13091271.

Conversion and Obsessive-Phobic Symptoms Predict IL-33 and IL-28A Levels in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19

Kristina Stoyanova  1 , Drozdstoy Stoyanov  1   2 , Steliyan Petrov  3   4 , Alexandra Baldzhieva  3   4 , Martina Bozhkova  3   4 , Mariana Murdzheva  3   4 , Teodora Kalfova  3   4 , Hristina Andreeva  3   4 , Hristo Taskov  5 , Petar Vassilev  6 , Angel Todev  6
Affiliations

Conversion and Obsessive-Phobic Symptoms Predict IL-33 and IL-28A Levels in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19

Kristina Stoyanova et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

The first epidemiological wave of the incidence of COVID-19 in Bulgaria was registered in June 2020. After the wave peak, we conducted a study in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52). They were assessed with the anxiety-depressive scale (ADS), including basic (BS), vegetative (VS), conversion (CS), obsessive-phobic (OPS), and depressive (DS) symptoms. ADS assessment of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 indicated a correlation between OPS and IL-33 values. IL-10 levels were higher than reference ranges in all patients. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that combination of CS and OPS explained 28% of IL-33 levels, while combination of symptoms from all ADS dimensions explained 24% of IL-33 levels. It was also found that 21% of IL-28A levels was explained from the combination by all ADS dimensions, whereas OPS was the predictor for lower concentrations. The obtained results revealed meaningful correlations between psycho neuro-immunological factors in pathogenesis of illness from the coronavirus infection.

Keywords: IL-28A and IL-33; SARS-CoV-2 infection; anxiety; depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of this study; in the collection; analyses; or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relationship between interleukins IL-10, IL-28A and IL-33 ranges, and age groups in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between interleukins IL-28A and IL-33 ranges, age groups, and ADS in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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