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. 2023 Sep 7;13(18):2847.
doi: 10.3390/ani13182847.

Examining the Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on the Cardiovascular System and Oxidative Stress in Insulin-Treated and Non-Treated Diabetic Rats

Petar Ristic  1 , Maja Savic  2 , Sergey Bolevich  3 , Stefani Bolevich  3   4 , Alexandra Orlova  3 , Anastasiya Mikhaleva  3 , Anna Kartashova  3 , Koka Yavlieva  3 , Tamara Nikolic Turnic  2   5 , Bozidar Pindovic  2 , Katarina Djordjevic  2 , Ivan Srejovic  6   7 , Vladimir Zivkovic  6   7 , Vladimir Jakovljevic  3   6
Affiliations

Examining the Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on the Cardiovascular System and Oxidative Stress in Insulin-Treated and Non-Treated Diabetic Rats

Petar Ristic et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: This study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the cardiovascular system and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: DM group (diabetic rats), DM+HBOT group (diabetic rats exposed to HBOT for 1 h daily, five days a week, at 2.8 atmosphere absolute (ATA) with 100% oxygen for two weeks), DM+INS group (diabetic rats treated with neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin at a dosage of 3-5 U/day), and DM+HBOT+INS group (diabetic rats treated with both NPH insulin and HBOT for two weeks).

Methods: Evaluations included glycemic control, oxidative stress parameters, and cardiac function measurements.

Results: NPH insulin treatment reduced blood glucose levels, although normoglycemia was not achieved. The DM+HBOT+INS group demonstrated the lowest pro-oxidative marker levels. NPH insulin treatment improved cardiac function, and combination therapy effectively restored cardiac function in diabetic animals.

Conclusions: NPH insulin treatment reduced hyperglycemia and improved cardiac function in diabetic rats. The combined approach of NPH insulin and HBOT resulted in decreased pro-oxidative markers. These findings provide valuable insights for managing cardiovascular complications and oxidative stress in diabetes.

Keywords: hyperbaric oxygen therapy; neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin; streptozotocin; type 1 diabetes (T1D).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funder had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of DM+INS, DM+HBOT, and DM+INS+HBOT treatment on levels of glycemia in rats before and after a 2-weeks treatment. Data are presented as means ± SD. The paired t-test for testing the differences in values of glycemia was used. * p < 0.05 within−group difference (DM, DM+INS, DM+HBOT, and DM+INS+HBOT) after 2-week treatment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of DM+INS, DM+HBOT, and DM+INS+HBOT treatment on oxidative stress. Comparison of the levels of (a) superoxide anion radical, (b) hydrogen peroxide, (c) index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), and (d) nitric oxide between experimental groups and DM (control) group. S—stabilization; R—every 5 min of reperfusion. Data are presented as means ± SD. The one-way ANOVA for testing the differences in biomarkers of oxidative stress was used. * p < 0.05 DM group vs. DM+INS; # p < 0.05 DM group vs. DM+HBOT; $ p < 0.05 DM group vs. DM+INS+HBOT.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Area under curve for markers of oxidative stress calculated from ROC curve as follows: (a) superoxide anion radical, (b) hydrogen peroxide, (c) index of lipid peroxidation, and (d) nitric oxide. Levels of AUC higher than 0.7 present positive (good) bioavailability. All calculations are performed in SPSS program and are expressed in mg·h/L.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of DM+INS, DM+HBOT, and DM+INS+HBOT treatment on cardiac function measured ex vivo. Comparison of (a) dp/dt max value, (b) dp/dt min value, (c) SLVP value, (d) DLVP value, (e) HR value, and (f) CF value, between experimental groups and control group. S—stabilization; R—every 5 min of reperfusion. Data are presented as means ± SD. The one−way ANOVA for testing the differences in biomarkers of cardiodynamic parameters was used. * p < 0.05 DM group vs. DM+INS; # p < 0.05 DM group vs. DM+HBOT; $ p < 0.05 DM group vs. DM+INS+HBOT.
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