Protective Factors against Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients: A Latent Growth Model

Abstract

The current study aimed to examine the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) trajectory and protective predictors in women coping with breast cancer (BC). The study's model investigated whether a higher coping self-efficacy and positive cognitive-emotion regulation at the time of the BC diagnosis would lead to reduced levels of FCR at six months and in later stages (12 and 18 months) post-diagnosis. The sample included 494 women with stages I to III BC from Finland, Italy, Portugal, and Israel. They completed self-report questionnaires, including the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI-SF), the Cancer Behavior Inventory-Brief Version (CBI-B), the Cognitive-Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ short), and medical-social-demographic data. Findings revealed that a higher coping self-efficacy at diagnosis predicted lower FCR levels after six months but did not impact the FCR trajectory over time. Surprisingly, positive cognitive-emotion regulation did not predict FCR levels or changes over 18 months. FCR levels remained stable from six to 18 months post-diagnosis. This study emphasizes the importance of developing specific cancer coping skills, such as coping self-efficacy. Enhancing coping self-efficacy in the first six months after BC diagnosis may lead to lower FCR levels later, as FCR tends to persist in the following year.

Keywords: BOUNCE; breast cancer; coping self-efficacy; fear of cancer recurrence; latent growth modeling; trajectories.

Figure 1

A conceptual model. A latent growth modeling analysis of positive cognitive–emotion regulation and self-efficacy in coping with cancer, predicting the fear of cancer recurrence trajectories. Note. Red darts = represent predicted negative correlations; black darts = represent predicted positive correlations.

Figure 2

Latent growth modeling: coping self-efficacy predicts initial FCR levels. Note. Full dart = significant correlation; broken dart = non-significant correlation.