Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Sep 20;12(9):1466.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091466.

Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Properties of Prodigiosin, a Bioactive Product Produced by a New Serratia marcescens JSSCPM1 Strain: Exploring the Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Serratia Species for Biological Applications

Rajaguru Arivuselvam  1   2 , Ayed A Dera  3 , Syed Parween Ali  3 , Yasser Alraey  3 , Ahmed Saif  4 , Umme Hani  5 , Sivaa Arumugam Ramakrishnan  1   2 , Mohamed Sheik Tharik Abdul Azeeze  6 , Raman Rajeshkumar  1 , Aishwarya Susil  7 , Haritha Harindranath  7 , B R Prashantha Kumar  7
Affiliations

Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Properties of Prodigiosin, a Bioactive Product Produced by a New Serratia marcescens JSSCPM1 Strain: Exploring the Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Serratia Species for Biological Applications

Rajaguru Arivuselvam et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Prodigiosin pigment has high medicinal value, so exploring this compound is a top priority. This report presents a prodigiosin bioactive compound isolated from Serratia marcescens JSSCPM1, a new strain. The purification process of this compound involves the application of different chromatographic methods, including UV-visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Subsequent analysis was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to achieve a deeper understanding of the compound's structure. Finally, through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, the structural composition of the isolated bioactive compound was found to correspond to that of the well-known compound prodigiosin. The isolated prodigiosin compound was screened for antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compound inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacterial strains compared with Gram-positive bacterial strains. It showed a maximum minimum inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli NCIM 2065 at a 15.9 ± 0.31 μg/mL concentration. The potential binding capabilities between prodigiosin and the OmpF porin proteins (4GCS, 4GCP, and 4GCQ) were determined using in silico studies, which are generally the primary targets of different antibiotics. Comparative molecular docking analysis indicated that prodigiosin exhibits a good binding affinity toward these selected drug targets.

Keywords: JSSCPM1 strain; OmpF porin protein; Serratia marcescens; antibacterial agent; in silico molecular docking; prodigiosin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The blue-colored arrow represents the purified JSSCPM1 strain. This strain was selected for and subjected to further investigation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic tree of the S. marcescens JSSCPM1 strain and its twelve closest neighbors. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was executed in MEGA 11 using 13 sequences with 1260 base pairs. The green-colored circle with black-colored borders in the branches indicates more than a 60% maximum likelihood of bootstrapping. The unique GenBank accession number is shown to the right of the species name. The dark blue-colored branch shows that Actinomyces slackii NR 119155 was used in the outgroup. A high-resolution phylogenetic tree PDF format is provided in Supplementary File S1 Annexure 2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
UV absorption spectrum of PG compound isolated from the S. marcescens JSSCPM1 strain. A high-resolution UV absorption spectra PDF format is provided in Supplementary File S1 Annexure 3.
Figure 4
Figure 4
This figure shows the 95.95% purity of the PG compound isolated from the S. marcescens JSSCPM1 strain. A high-resolution HPLC report PDF format is provided in Supplementary File S1 Annexure 4.
Figure 5
Figure 5
LC-MS analysis of PG compound isolated from the S. marcescens JSSCPM1 Strain. A high-resolution LC-MS report PDF format is provided in Supplementary File S1 Annexure 5.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) 1H NMR report for PG compound isolated from the S. marcescens JSSCPM1 strain. A high-resolution 1H NMR report PDF format is provided in Supplementary File S1 Annexure 6. (b) 13C NMR report for PG compound isolated from the S. marcescens JSSCPM1 strain. A high-resolution 13C NMR report PDF format is provided in Supplementary File S1 Annexure 6.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A–C) Molecular interactions between the ligand PG and 4CGS-, 4CGP-, and 4CGQ-targeted proteins.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The total number of chromosomal genomes able to produce the PG compound.
Figure 9
Figure 9
A total of 122 chromosomal genomes and 25 BGCs were found. Remarkably, these 25 clusters were found to occur in genomes multiple times, indicating their significance in various biological processes. These included 494 NRPSs, 68 RRE-containing, 115 thiopeptide, 121 betalactone, 21 hserlactone, 23 siderophore, 15 NRPS-like-hserlactone, 22 NRPS-T1PKS, 30 T1PKS-NRPS, 52 PG, 81 redox–cofactor, 1 thiopeptide-LAP, 1 NRPS-NRPS-like, 11 RiPP-like, 72 NRPS-like, 2 NRPS-like, NRPS, 6 thiopeptide-LAP-NRPS, 2 arylpolyene, 4 NRPS-prodigiosin, 1 NRPS-like-thiopeptide-LAP, 1 hserlactone-NRPS-like, 1 NRPS-like-arylpolyene, 2 T1PKS, 1 lanthipeptide-class-I, and 1 NRPS-butyrolactone gene clusters.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Different gene clusters responsible for the production of PG compound and its percentage similarities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Colson A.R., Morton A., Årdal C., Chalkidou K., Davies S.C., Garrison L.P., Jit M., Laxminarayan R., Megiddo I., Morel C. Antimicrobial Resistance: Is Health Technology Assessment Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem? Value Health. 2021;24:1828–1834. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.06.002. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Catalano A., Iacopetta D., Ceramella J., Scumaci D., Giuzio F., Saturnino C., Aquaro S., Rosano C., Sinicropi M.S. Multidrug Resistance (MDR): A Widespread Phenomenon in Pharmacological Therapies. Molecules. 2022;27:616. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030616. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bloom D.E., Black S., Salisbury D., Rappuoli R. Antimicrobial Resistance and the Role of Vaccines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2018;115:12868–12871. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717157115. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Parmanik A., Das S., Kar B., Bose A., Dwivedi G.R., Pandey M.M. Current Treatment Strategies against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: A Review. Curr. Microbiol. 2022;79:388. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-03061-7. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rossiter S.E., Fletcher M.H., Wuest W.M. Natural Products as Platforms to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance. Chem. Rev. 2017;117:12415–12474. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00283. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources