Polymorphisms in the Drug Transporter Gene ABCB1 Are Associated with Drug Response in Saudi Epileptic Pediatric Patients

Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurodisorders in the pediatric age group. Despite the availability of over 20 anti-seizure medications (ASMs) on the market, drug-resistant epilepsy still affects one-third of individuals. Consequently, this research aimed to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene in epileptic pediatric patients and their response to ASMs. This multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi children with epilepsy in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The polymorphism variants of ABCB1 rs1128503 at exon 12, rs2032582 at exon 21, and rs1045642 at exon 26 were genotyped using the Sanger sequencing technique. The study included 85 children with epilepsy: 43 patients demonstrated a good response to ASMs, while 42 patients exhibited a poor response. The results revealed that good responders were significantly more likely to have the TT genotypes at rs1045642 and rs2032582 SNPs compared to poor responders. Additionally, haplotype analysis showed that the T-G-C haplotype at rs1128503, rs2032582, and rs1045642 was only present in poor responders. In conclusion, this study represents the first pharmacogenetic investigation of the ABCB1 gene in Saudi epileptic pediatric patients and demonstrates a significant association between rs1045642 and rs2032582 variants and patient responsiveness. Despite the small sample size, the results underscore the importance of personalized treatment for epileptic patients.

Keywords: anti-seizure medications; drug response; pediatric neurology; pharmacogenetic; polymorphism.

Figure 1

Genotype distributions and allele frequencies of ABCB1 polymorphisms among different populations.