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. 2023 Sep 13;12(18):5952.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12185952.

Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gulali Aktas  1
Affiliations

Association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and Chronic Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gulali Aktas. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is associated with inflammatory conditions. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications produce a significant inflammatory burden, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the subjects with T2DM to those of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the PNI levels of the diabetic subjects, with and without microvascular complications. The study cohort consisted of T2DM patients and healthy volunteers. The general characteristics, laboratory data, and PNI of the T2DM and control groups were compared. We further compared the PNI levels of the diabetic patients, with and without diabetic microvascular complications. The PNI levels of the T2DM patients and the control group were 51.6 (30.1-73.8)% and 64.8 (49.4-76)%, respectively (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the PNI was lower in the diabetic subjects with diabetic microvascular complications than in the diabetic patients without microvascular complications (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those without nephropathy (p < 0.001), in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p < 0.001), and in patients with diabetic neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we assert that assessing the PNI may yield additional diagnostic value in regards to the timely determination of diabetic microvascular complications.

Keywords: diabetic nephropathy; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic retinopathy; inflammation; prognostic nutritional index; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
ROC curve of PNI in detecting type 2 DM.
Figure 2
Figure 2
ROC curve of PNI in detecting microvascular complications.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ROC curve of PNI in detecting diabetic nephropathy.
Figure 4
Figure 4
ROC curve of PNI in detecting diabetic retinopathy.
Figure 5
Figure 5
ROC curve of PNI in detecting diabetic neuropathy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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