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. 2023 Sep 15;14(9):1768.
doi: 10.3390/mi14091768.

Neuromuscular Magnetic Field Measurement Based on Superconducting Bio-Sensors

Zhidan Zhang  1   2 , Anran He  1   2 , Zihan Xu  1   2 , Kun Yang  1   2 , Xiangyan Kong  1   2
Affiliations

Neuromuscular Magnetic Field Measurement Based on Superconducting Bio-Sensors

Zhidan Zhang et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

These years, disease-causing and disabling diseases have caused great concern. Neurological musculoskeletal disorders are diverse and affect people of a wide range of ages. And the lack of comprehensive diagnostic methods places a huge burden on healthcare systems and social economies. In this paper, the current status of clinical research on neuromuscular diseases is introduced, and the advantages of magnetic field measurement compared with clinical diagnostic methods are illustrated. A comprehensive description of the related technology of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), magnetic field detection noise suppression scheme, the development trend of the sensor detection system, and the application and model establishment of the neuromuscular magnetic field is also given in this paper. The current research and development trends worldwide are compared simultaneously, and finally the conclusions and outlook are put forward. Based on the description of the existing literature and the ideas of other researchers, the next development trends and my own research ideas are presented in this paper, that is, starting from the establishment of a neuromuscular model, combining medical and industrial work, designing a sensor system that meets clinical needs, and laying the foundation for the clinical application of a bio-magnetic system. This review promotes a combination between medicine and industry, and guides researchers on considering the challenges of sensor development in terms of clinical needs. In addition, in this paper, the development trends are described, including the establishment of the model, the clinical demand for sensors, and the challenges of system development so as to give certain guidance to researchers.

Keywords: SQUID; environmental compensation; modeling; neuromuscular magnetic field; noise suppression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biomagnetic signals characteristics and sensor sensitivity relationship.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The principle of FLL.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Development of SQUID readout circuit. (a) Flux modulation scheme (FMS ) [47]; (b) bias reversal circuit [49]; (c) two-stage SQUID circuit [50]; (d) additional positive feedback (APF) [51]; (e) noise cancellation (NC) [52]; (f): SQUID bootstrap circuit (SBC) [53].
Figure 4
Figure 4
The schematic diagram of adaptive filtering.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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