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. 2023 Aug 22;12(9):1069.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens12091069.

Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Livestock Animals to C. jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Surface Water Using DNA Sequencing and MALDI-TOF

Martine Denis  1 , Valérie Rose  1 , Bérengère Nagard  1 , Amandine Thépault  1 , Pierrick Lucas  2 , Meagan Meunier  3 , Fabienne Benoit  3 , Amandine Wilhem  4 , Benoit Gassilloud  4 , Elodie Cauvin  3 , Alain Rincé  5 , Michèle Gourmelon  6
Affiliations

Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Livestock Animals to C. jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Surface Water Using DNA Sequencing and MALDI-TOF

Martine Denis et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

This study evaluated the contribution of cattle, sheep, poultry and pigs to the contamination of surface water from rivers by Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli using MLST, cgMLST and considered MALDI-TOF MS as an alternative technique. The 263 strains isolated from cattle (n = 61), sheep (n = 42), poultry (n = 65), pigs (n = 60) and surface water (n = 35) were distributed across 115 sequence types (STs), 49 for C. jejuni and 66 for C. coli. Considering MLST data, 14.2%, 11.4% and 2.8% of the surface water strains could be attributed to cattle, poultry and sheep, respectively, none to pigs, and 85.7% were non-attributed. Analysis of cg-MLST data with STRUCTURE indicated that C. jejuni strains from water were predominantly attributed to poultry (93.5%), weakly to sheep (<1%) and 6.3% non-attributed, and that conversely, C. coli strains from water were predominantly non-attributed (94.3%) and 5.7% attributed to poultry. Considering the protein profiles with a threshold of 94% and 97% of similarity, respectively, strains from surface water could be attributed to poultry (31.4% and 17.1%), and to cattle (17.1% and 5.7%); 54.1% and 77.1% were non-attributed. This study confirmed these livestock animals might contribute to the contamination of surface water, with a level of contribution depending on the typing technique and the method of analysis. MALDI-TOF could potentially be an alternative approach for source attribution.

Keywords: Campylobacter; MALDI-TOF; MLST; cgMLST; livestock animals; structure; surface water.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
cgMLST-based MST (1100 loci) of C. jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, poultry and river samples. Complex clonal CC21 and CC45 are represented on the MST and ST of the strains are indicated. Taking into account an allelic difference of 11 for the clustering of the strains in cgMLST, only one C. jejuni strain from water (identified by a white star) could be linked to strains from sheep (7 allele differences). The number of sections in a circle corresponds to the number of strains.
Figure 2
Figure 2
cgMLST-based MST (1108 loci) of C. coli isolated from pig, sheep, poultry and river samples. Taking into account an allelic difference of 11 for the clustering of the strains in cgMLST, no C. coli strain from any animal source clustered with any C. coli water strain.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Radial tree of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from their protein average spectrum obtained by MALDI-TOF. The radial tree was created with BioNumerics® software (version 7.5) (Applied Maths NV; Belgium) using UPGMA method and Pearson’s coefficient. Clusters were considered from a cut-off ≥to 91%, 94% and 97% of similarity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Radial tree of Campylobacter coli isolates from their protein average spectrum obtained by MALDI-TOF. The radial tree was created with BioNumerics® software (version 7.5) (Applied Maths NV; Belgium). using UPGMA method and Pearson’s coefficient. Clusters were considered from a cut-off ≥to 91%, 94% and 97% of similarity.
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