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. 2023 Sep 7;12(9):1143.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens12091143.

Comparison of the Whole-Genome Sequence of the African Swine Fever Virus from a Mongolian Wild Boar with Genotype II Viruses from Asia and Europe

Ulaankhuu Ankhanbaatar  1   2 , Agathe Auer  3   4 , Gerelmaa Ulziibat  1 , Tirumala B K Settypalli  3 , Delgerzul Gombo-Ochir  1 , Ganzorig Basan  1 , Taichiro Takemura  3 , Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir  2 , Hatem Ouled Ahmed  3 , Irene Kasindi Meki  3 , Sneha Datta  3 , Baba Soumare  4 , Artem Metlin  4 , Giovanni Cattoli  3 , Charles E Lamien  3
Affiliations

Comparison of the Whole-Genome Sequence of the African Swine Fever Virus from a Mongolian Wild Boar with Genotype II Viruses from Asia and Europe

Ulaankhuu Ankhanbaatar et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic and wild pigs. ASF seriously affects the global swine industry as the mortality rate can reach 100% with highly virulent strains. In 2007, ASF was introduced into the Caucasus and spread to Russia and later into other European and Asian countries. This study reported the first whole-genome sequence (WGS) of the ASF virus (ASFV) that was detected in a Mongolian wild boar. This sequence was then compared to other WGS samples from Asia and Europe. Results show that the ASFV Genotype II from Mongolia is similar to the Asian Genotype II WGS. However, there were three nucleotide differences found between the Asian and European genome sequences, two of which were non-synonymous. It was also observed that the European Genotype II ASFV WGS was more diverse than that of the Asian counterparts. The study demonstrates that the ASFV Genotype II variants found in wild boars and domestic pigs are highly similar, suggesting these animals might have had direct or indirect contact, potentially through outdoor animal breeding. In conclusion, this study provides a WGS and mutation spectrum of the ASFV Genotype II WGS in Asia and Europe and thus provides important insights into the origin and spread of ASFV in Mongolia.

Keywords: African swine fever virus; Asia; Europe; whole-genome sequence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree based on partial P72 gene inferred using neighbor-joining method. The Mongolia ASFV samples from wild boars and domestic pigs are highlighted in blue.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Minimum Evolution tree based on full P54 gene sequences. The Mongolia ASFV samples from wild boars and domestic pigs are highlighted in blue.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic midpoint-rooted tree of ASFV genome sequences.
Figure 4
Figure 4
GrapeTree interface exemplified with a precalculated Newick tree based on 27 WGSs of ASFV Genotype II. Nodes in blue include European sequences, nodes in green show Asian sequences, and the sequence from Africa is shown in red.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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