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. 2023 Sep 9;12(18):3218.
doi: 10.3390/plants12183218.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MTP (Metal Ion Transport Proteins) Genes in the Common Bean

Hilal Yilmaz  1   2 , Göksel Özer  3 , Faheem Shehzad Baloch  4 , Vahdettin Çiftçi  2 , Yong Suk Chung  5 , Hyeon-Jin Sun  6
Affiliations

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MTP (Metal Ion Transport Proteins) Genes in the Common Bean

Hilal Yilmaz et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

MTP/CDF carriers, called metal ion transport proteins, act as substrates for the transmission of micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) to membrane carriers in plants. In this study, genome-wide analysis of the MTP gene family in the common bean genome, expression analysis of the PvMTP4, PvMTP5, and PvMTP12 genes after Fe and Zn treatments, and the effects of Fe and Zn applications on iron and zinc content were investigated. This study used common bean genotypes assumed to have high or low Fe and Zn accumulation ability. PvMTP genes were defined as containing conserved catalytic domains with molecular weights and protein lengths ranging from 41.35 to 91.05 kDa and from 369 to 813 amino acids (aa), respectively. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis, three main clusters containing seven subgroups were formed. In this study, the first characterization of the MTP gene family of beans was performed, and the responses of three different PvMTP genes in the Zn-CDF group to Fe and Zn applications were revealed. The obtained findings are thought to constitute pioneering resources for future research on common bean biofortification studies, plant breeding related to Fe and Zn, and the functional characterization of the MTP gene family.

Keywords: Fe; MTP gene family; Zn; biofortification; gene expression; hidden hunger.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Locations of PvMTP genes in common bean chromosomes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris (Pv), Arabidopsis thaliana (At), Medicago truncatula (Mt), Oryza sativa (Os), and Glycine max (Gm).
Figure 3
Figure 3
MTP gene exon/intron analysis in Arabidopsis (At) and the common bean (Pv).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Conserved motifs of PvMTP proteins.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Multiple sequence alignment of PvMTP proteins using ClustalW. Dark or light shading designates similar amino acids.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Protein—protein interaction between PvMTP family members. The type of interaction evidence is indicated by the line color (green: gene neighborhood; light blue: curated databases; pink: experimentally determined; dark blue: gene co-occurrence; yellow: text-mining; black: co-expression).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Heatmap of subcellular localization of PvMTP genes (plas: plasmid; vacu: vacuole; chlo: chloroplast; mito: mitochondria; golg: Golgi apparatus; nucl: nucleus; cyto: cytoplasm; e.r.: endoplasmic reticulum).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Gene ontology analysis of PvMTP gene family.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Expression levels of PvMTP (4, 5, 12) genes in the root of common bean genotypes after Fe (0, 15, and 30 µM) and Zn (0, 10, 15 µM) applications (Different letters indicate significant differences according to Student’s t-test, * (p ≤ 0.05); ** (p ≤ 0.01); ns: non-significant).
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