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. 2023 Sep 7;15(18):3695.
doi: 10.3390/polym15183695.

Sound Absorption Performance and Mechanical Properties of the 3D-Printed Bio-Degradable Panels

Sebastian-Marian Zaharia  1 , Mihai Alin Pop  2 , Mihaela Cosnita  3 , Cătălin Croitoru  4 , Simona Matei  2 , Cosmin Spîrchez  5
Affiliations

Sound Absorption Performance and Mechanical Properties of the 3D-Printed Bio-Degradable Panels

Sebastian-Marian Zaharia et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The 3D printing process allows complex structures to be obtained with low environmental impact using biodegradable materials. This work aims to develop and acoustically characterize 3D-printed panels using three types of materials, each manufactured at five infill densities (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) with three internal configurations based on circular, triangular, and corrugated profiles. The highest absorption coefficient values (α = 0.93) were obtained from the acoustic tests for the polylactic acid material with ground birch wood particles in the triangular configuration with an infill density of 40%. The triangular profile showed the best acoustic performance for the three types of materials analysed and, from the point of view of the mechanical tests, it was highlighted that the same triangular configuration presented the highest resistance both to compression (40 MPa) and to three-point bending (50 MPa). The 40% and 60% infill density gave the highest absorption coefficient values regardless of the material analyzed. The mechanical tests for compression and three-point bending showed higher strength values for samples manufactured from simple polylactic acid filament compared to samples manufactured from ground wood particles. The standard defects of 3D printing and the failure modes of the interior configurations of the 3D-printed samples could be observed from the microscopic analysis of the panels. Based on the acoustic results and the determined mechanical properties, one application area for these types of 3D-printed panels could be the automotive and aerospace industries.

Keywords: 3D printing; acoustic properties; bio-degradable panels; mechanical properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the present study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Experimental setup of the acoustic testing: (a) Equipment used for acoustic testing of samples manufactured via the FFF process; (b) Method of measurement of the sound absorption coefficient and of the sound transmission loss.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanical testing: (a) Compression testing of the 3D-printed panels; (b) Three-point bending testing of the 3D-printed panels.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Acoustic test results of assembled double panels: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–birch samples; (b) Sound transmission loss of PLA–birch samples; (c) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–coconut samples; (d) Sound transmission loss of PLA–coconut samples; (e) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA samples; (f) Sound transmission loss of PLA samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Acoustic test results of assembled double panels: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–birch samples; (b) Sound transmission loss of PLA–birch samples; (c) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–coconut samples; (d) Sound transmission loss of PLA–coconut samples; (e) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA samples; (f) Sound transmission loss of PLA samples.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Compression test results: (a) Load–displacement characteristic curves; (b) Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity for 3D-printed samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Three-point bending test results: (a) Load–displacement characteristic curves; (b) Bending strength and modulus of elasticity for 3D-printed samples.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Microscopic analysis of the samples: (a) 60% circular PLA–birch; (b) 100% corrugated PLA–birch; (c) 40% triangular–PLA–coconut; (d) 80% triangular–PLA.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Acoustic test results of 3D-printed single panels: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–birch specimens; (b) Sound transmission loss of PLA–birch specimens; (c) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–coconut specimens; (d) Sound transmission loss of PLA–coconut specimens; (e) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA specimens; (f) Sound transmission loss of PLA specimens.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Acoustic test results of 3D-printed single panels: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–birch specimens; (b) Sound transmission loss of PLA–birch specimens; (c) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–coconut specimens; (d) Sound transmission loss of PLA–coconut specimens; (e) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA specimens; (f) Sound transmission loss of PLA specimens.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Acoustic tests results of 3D-printed single panels with drilled holes: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–birch specimens; (b) Sound transmission loss of PLA–birch specimens; (c) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA–coconut specimens; (d) Sound transmission loss of PLA–coconut specimens; (e) Sound absorption coefficient of PLA specimens; (f) Sound transmission loss of PLA specimens.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Acoustic test results of 3D-printed single panels with holes: (a) Sound absorption coefficient of 40% triangular–PLA–coconut; 40% triangular–PLA–birch and 60% triangular–PLA; (b) Sound transmission loss of 40% triangular–PLA–coconut; 40% triangular–PLA–birch and 60% triangular–PLA.
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