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. 2023 Sep 8;15(18):3709.
doi: 10.3390/polym15183709.

Development and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Removal of Brilliant Green Textile Dye from River and Textile Industry Effluents

Miguel Luna Quinto  1 , Sabir Khan  1   2   3   4 , Jaime Vega-Chacón  1 , Bianca Mortari  2 , Ademar Wong  2   3 , Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor  2   3 , Gino Picasso  1
Affiliations

Development and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Removal of Brilliant Green Textile Dye from River and Textile Industry Effluents

Miguel Luna Quinto et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In this paper, we present an alternative technique for the removal of Brilliant Green dye (BG) in aqueous solutions based on the application of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as a selective adsorbent for BG. The MIP was prepared by bulk radical polymerization using BG as the template; methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, selected via computer simulations; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker; and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as the radical initiator. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the MIP and non-molecularly imprinted polymer (NIP)-used as the control material-showed that the two polymers exhibited similar morphology in terms of shape and size; however, N2 sorption studies showed that the MIP displayed a much higher BET surface (three times bigger) compared to the NIP, which is clearly indicative of the adequate formation of porosity in the former. The data obtained from FTIR analysis indicated the successful formation of imprinted polymer based on the experimental procedure applied. Kinetic adsorption studies revealed that the data fitted quite well with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The BG adsorption isotherm was effectively described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The proposed MIP exhibited high selectivity toward BG in the presence of other interfering dyes due to the presence of specific recognition sites (IF = 2.53) on its high specific surface area (112 m2/g). The imprinted polymer also displayed a great potential when applied for the selective removal of BG in real river water samples, with recovery ranging from 99 to 101%.

Keywords: Brilliant Green; adsorption; density-functional theory; kinetics; molecularly imprinted polymer; selective recognition; smart polymer; triphenylmethane dye; water treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM Micrographs of (a) Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and (b) Non-Imprinted Polymer for Removal of Brilliant Green Textile Dye.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FTIR Spectra of (a) Brilliant Green Textile Dye (BG), (b) Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP), (c) Non-Imprinted Polymer (NIP), (d) Methacrylic Acid (MAA), and (e) Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of pH on the Adsorption Capacity of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) and Non-Imprinted Polymer (NIP) for Brilliant Green Textile Dye (a). Zeta Potential of MIP as a Function of pH (b).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of Adsorbent Mass on Retention Capacity for the Selective Adsorption of Brilliant Green Textile Dye. Experimental Conditions: Dye Solution Volume: 2.0 mL; pH: 5; BG Concentration: 193.1 mg L−1; Temperature: 25 °C; Time of Contact: 40 min.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Kinetic curves of BG adsorption on the MIP and NIP investigated. Polymer mass: 8.0 mg, dye solution volume: 2.0 mL, pH: 5, BG concentration: 48.26 mg L−1, and temperature: 25 °C. Inset: Pseudo-second order kinetic model applied to the MIP. (b) Adsorption isotherms of BG. Polymer mass: 8.0 mg, dye solution volume: 2.0 mL, pH: 5, temperature: 25 °C, and time of contact: 1 h. Inset: Equilibrium data for the MIP based on the application of the Langmuir model.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Kinetic curves of BG adsorption on the MIP and NIP investigated. Polymer mass: 8.0 mg, dye solution volume: 2.0 mL, pH: 5, BG concentration: 48.26 mg L−1, and temperature: 25 °C. Inset: Pseudo-second order kinetic model applied to the MIP. (b) Adsorption isotherms of BG. Polymer mass: 8.0 mg, dye solution volume: 2.0 mL, pH: 5, temperature: 25 °C, and time of contact: 1 h. Inset: Equilibrium data for the MIP based on the application of the Langmuir model.
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