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. 2023 Aug;16(8):1593-1599.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1593-1599. Epub 2023 Aug 11.

Counteractive role of Terminalia catappa leaf extract on hematological and coagulation disturbance in Type 2 diabetic rats

Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam  1   2 , Precious Amaneshi Garuba  1 , Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana  1   2 , Shalom Nwodo Chinedu  1   2
Affiliations

Counteractive role of Terminalia catappa leaf extract on hematological and coagulation disturbance in Type 2 diabetic rats

Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam et al. Vet World. 2023 Aug.

Abstract

Background and aim: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality worldwide associated with hyperglycemia-induced hematological aberrations and thromboembolic complications. This study aimed to explore the modulatory effect of Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract (TCLE) on hematological and coagulation disturbances in a Type 2 diabetic rat model.

Materials and methods: High-fat diet streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight TCLE daily for 28 days. Full blood count, coagulation parameters, plasma calcium (Ca), and erythrocyte glycogen (GLYC) levels were assessed using standard procedures.

Results: Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract treatment had a significant (p < 0.05) prolonging effect on clotting and bleeding times while increasing Ca, GLYC and mean corpuscular volume in diabetic rats. On the other hand, lymphocytes (LYM), platelet (PLT) count, mean PLT volume, neutrophil-LYM ratio (NLR), and PLT-LYM ratio (PLR) of TCLE-treated diabetic animals were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared with untreated diabetic animals. Lymphocyte, PLT count, NLR, and PLR correlated positively (p < 0.05) with plasma glucose, while a significant positive association was observed between Ca and GLYC. On the other hand, a strong negative association (p < 0.05) was observed between clotting time and fasting plasma glucose.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that T. catappa leaf extract may be useful in reversing diabetic-mediated hematological anomalies due to its anticoagulant and anti-anemic activities.

Keywords: Terminalia catappa; coagulation; diabetes; hematology; high-fat diet; streptozotocin-induced.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
Effect of TCLE treatment on clotting time in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bars are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. TCLE=Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract.
Figure-2
Figure-2
Effect of TCLE treatment on bleeding time in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bars are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. TCLE=Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract.
Figure-3
Figure-3
Effect of TCLE treatment on plasma calcium in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bars are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. TCLE=Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract.
Figure-4
Figure-4
Effect of TCLE treatment on erythrocyte glycogen in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bars are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. TCLE=Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract.
Figure-5
Figure-5
Effect of TCLE treatment on the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bars are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. TCLE=Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract.
Figure-6
Figure-6
Effect of TCLE treatment on the platelet-lymphocyte ratio in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Bars are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 6). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05. TCLE=Terminalia catappa leaf aqueous crude extract.
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