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. 2023 Sep 14:36:102421.
doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102421. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Association between healthy eating index-2015 and abdominal aortic calcification: A population-based cross-sectional study

Lu Liu  1 , Tiantian Xie  1 , Zhongshun Hu  2 , Jinsong Liu  1
Affiliations

Association between healthy eating index-2015 and abdominal aortic calcification: A population-based cross-sectional study

Lu Liu et al. Prev Med Rep. .

Abstract

Background: An association between the healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 and risk of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is unclear in the general population of the United States (U.S.). Therefore, we examined the relationship between HEI-2015 and AAC risk in our research.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) participants between 2013 and 2014 was conducted. For the analysis of the association between HEI-2015 and AAC, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot and multivariable logistic regression models were used. In addition, we also conducted subgroup analysis for the relationship between HEI-2015 and AAC.

Results: There was a total of 1162 individuals. As shown by the RCS plot, HEI-2015 was linked with AAC risk in a U-shaped pattern (P for nonlinearity < 0.05). Taking into account known confounding variables, compared with the lowest quartiles, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for AAC across the quartiles were 0.637 (0.425,0.956), 0.763 (0.499, 1.167), and 0.842 (0.561, 1.265). Based on the results of subgroup analysis, the HEI-2015 and AAC risk were U-curve correlated among all age groups, sex, with or without hypertension or DM, and BMI of <30 kg/m2. The greens and beans, and whole fruits are independent protective factor for AAC.

Conclusions: The U-shaped relationships exist between HEI-2015 and prevalence of AAC in the general U.S. population. Consequently, prevalence of AAC may be mitigated with reasonable and balanced diet.

Keywords: Abdominal aortic calcification; Cross-sectional study; Healthy eating index-2015; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; United States.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study flow chart for this study from NHANES 2013–2014. Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; AAC, abdominal aortic calcification; HEI-2015, healthy eating index.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Restricted cubic spline curve for the association of HEI-2015 with prevalence of AAC in individuals from NHANES 2013–2014. (a) The association between HEI-2015 and AAC; (b) The association between HEI-2015 and AAC stratified by age; (c) The association between HEI-2015 and AAC stratified by sex; (d) The association between HEI-2015 and AAC stratified by hypertension; (e) The association between HEI-2015 and AAC stratified by DM; (f) The association between HEI-2015 and AAC stratified by BMI.Abbreviations: HEI-2015, healthy eating index; AAC, abdominal aortic calcification; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index.
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