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. 2023 Aug 27;15(8):e44209.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.44209. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Fabrication of Biogenic Titanium Nanoparticles and Investigating Their Biological Properties for Dental Applications

Shubhasri A S  1 , Tina Sara Biju  1 , Arul Prakash Francis  1 , Gayathri R  1 , Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan  1 , Kavitha Sankaran  1
Affiliations

Fabrication of Biogenic Titanium Nanoparticles and Investigating Their Biological Properties for Dental Applications

Shubhasri A S et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Introduction: Oral inflammation, often triggered by infections, injuries, or immune responses, can compromise treatment outcomes, delay healing, and contribute to patient discomfort. The development of green nanoparticle synthesis methods is receiving attention due to their potential advantages over existing approaches. These procedures use commonly available, affordable, and environmentally friendly natural plant extracts. Due to their numerous uses in various industries, titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have attracted the most attention among the nanoparticles. In this study, we present the green synthesis of Myristica fragrans (mace) extract as a reductant and stabilizer for the production of curcumin-functionalized TiO2NPs (CTN). We additionally evaluated the effectiveness of these nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory agents.

Objective: In this study, we aim to develop biogenic TiO2NPs using Myristica fragrans as a natural capping agent and functionalized with curcumin for effectively managing oral inflammation in dental applications.

Methods: The nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method and characterized using various characterization techniques. Biocompatibility was evaluated using hemolytic assays, and the bioactivity of the nanoparticles was assessed using anti-inflammatory assays.

Results: Curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs (MCTN) were successfully synthesized and characterized by various techniques, confirming their morphology, crystallinity, functionalization, elemental composition, size, and stability. In vitro bioactivity studies revealed that MCTN exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of protein denaturation with minimal hemolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of MCTN as a promising candidate for anti-inflammatory applications.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that MCTN exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and anti-hemolytic properties. However, further in-depth in vivo analysis is required to fully understand their efficacy and toxicity.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory; curcumin; green synthesis; myristica fragrans; titanium oxide nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. UV spectra of MF, Cur, M-TiO2NPs, and MCTN.
MF: Myristica fragrans, Cur: curcumin, M-TiO2NPs: M. fragrans-based titanium nanoparticles, MCTN: Curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs.
Figure 2
Figure 2. FT-IR spectrum of Cur, M-TiO2NPs, and MCTN.
Cur: curcumin, M-TiO2NPs: M. fragrans-based titanium nanoparticles, MCTN: curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs.
Figure 3
Figure 3. XRD pattern of Cur, M-TiO2 NPs, and MCTN.
Cur: curcumin, M-TiO2NPs: M. fragrans-based titanium nanoparticles, MCTN: curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs.
Figure 4
Figure 4. SEM micrograph of (a) M-TiO2NPs and (b) MCTN.
SEM: scanning electron microscope, M-TiO2NPs: M. fragrans-based titanium nanoparticles, MCTN: curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs.
Figure 5
Figure 5. EDAX spectrum of MCTN.
EDAX: energy dispersive X-ray analysis, MCTN: curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Anti-inflammatory activity of MCTN.
MCTN: curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs. The experiment was performed in triplicates and values are expressed in mean ± SD.
Figure 7
Figure 7. Hemolytic activity of M-TiO2NPs and MCTN.
M-TiO2NPs: M. fragrans-based titanium nanoparticles, MCTN: curcumin-coated M-TiO2NPs. The experiment was performed in triplicates and values are expressed in mean ± SD. *Values are statistically significant from the control group (P<0.05).
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