Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Sep 11:14:1212818.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1212818. eCollection 2023.

Spray losses study of two pesticides by UASS in integrated rice-crayfish farming system and acute toxicity evaluation on Procambarus clarkii

Yang Liu  1   2 , Guangyu Wang  1 , Yuanyuan Li  3 , Zhenhua Zhang  1   2 , Sen Pang  1 , Xiongkui He  1   2 , Jianli Song  1   2
Affiliations

Spray losses study of two pesticides by UASS in integrated rice-crayfish farming system and acute toxicity evaluation on Procambarus clarkii

Yang Liu et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: While the integrated rice-crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) farming system (IRCFS) is widely developing in China, the widespread use of Unmanned Aerial Spraying Systems (UASS) to protect rice from pests has led to potential pesticide risk for the crayfish in IRCFS. Therefore, it is crucial to examine UASS's spray deposition and drift in IRCFS.

Method: In this study, we used the oligonucleotide sequence-tracking / dot-blotting (OSTDB) method to trace pesticide spraying. We collected detailed data not only on spray loss in the paddy fields, but also on spray drift in the breeding ditches caused by upwind and downwind spray areas. Additionally, pesticide residues in the breeding ditches were measured using LC-MS/MS by collecting water samples after pesticide application.

Results: The data analysis indicated that the spray loss in the paddy field was significantly greater than that in the breeding ditches. The spray drift in the breeding ditches, caused by the upwind spray area, was seven times higher than that originating from the downwind spray area. Furthermore, the results also revealed that the bulk flow between the paddy fields and the breeding ditches contributed a substantial amount of pesticide residue to the water body in the breeding ditches. In addition, we investigated the acute toxicities of common insecticides using in paddy fields, including thiamethoxam (THI), chlorantraniliprole (CHI), THI·CHI-Mix and THI·CHI-WG.

Discussion: The results demonstrated that the spray losses and spray drift from UASS spray applications of these pesticides in IRCFS would not cause acute toxicity or death in crayfish. These findings provide important materials for establishing pesticide application standards and guiding the field testing of droplet deposition and drift in IRCFS.

Keywords: Procambarus clarkii; acute toxic effect; integrated rice-crayfish farming system; pesticide losses; spray drift; unmanned aerial spraying systems.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The paddy fields and breeding ditches of integrated rice-crayfish farming system and schematic diagram of the spray areas and the sampling positions. (A) Schematic diagram of the division of the spray areas and the sampling positions (SP); (B) Distribution of the spray areas and SP; (C) The P-20 conducted pesticide application in the experimental field; (D) Distribution of paddy fields and breeding ditches; (E) Sampling position 3 (SP-3) and on-site diagram of the droplet collectors; (F) Sampling position 2 (SP-2) and on-site diagram of the droplet collectors; (G) Sampling position 1 (SP-1) and on-site diagram of the droplet collector-NMCs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Spray drift distribution in the ditch upwind of the paddy field.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pesticide residues in the ditch upwind of the paddy field.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spray drift distribution in the ditch downwind of the paddy field.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Spray drift distribution in the ditch downwind of the paddy field.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pesticide residue distribution of THI in the paddy field within 21 days.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Pesticide residue distribution of CHI in the paddy field within 21 days.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Barbee G. C., McClain W. R., Lanka S. K., Stout M. J. (2010). Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to non-target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) associated with rice–crayfish cropping systems. Pest Manage. Sci. 66 (9), 996–1001. doi: 10.1002/ps.1972 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Barbee G. C., Stout M. J. (2009). Comparative acute toxicity of neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides to non-target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) associated with rice-crayfish crop rotations. Pest Manage. Sci. 65 (11), 1250–1256. doi: 10.1002/ps.1817 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Biever R. C., Hoberg J. R., Jacobson B., Dionne E., Sulaiman M., McCahon P. (2003). ICON® rice seed treatment toxicity to crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in experimental rice paddies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 (1), 167–174. doi: 10.1002/etc.5620220122 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chen L., Xu J., Wan W., Xu Z., Hu R., Zhang Y., et al. . (2022). The microbiome structure of a rice-crayfish integrated breeding model and its association with crayfish growth and water quality. Microbiol. Spectr. 10 (2), e02204–e02221. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02204-21 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gao H., Li Y., Zhou Y., Guo H., Chen L., Yang Q., et al. . (2022). Influence of mechanical transplanting methods and planting geometry on grain yield and lodging resistance of indica rice taoyouxiangzhan under rice–crayfish rotation system. Agron 12 (5), 1029. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12051029 - DOI

LinkOut - more resources