MOF-based stimuli-responsive controlled release nanopesticide: mini review

Abstract

By releasing an adequate amount of active ingredients when triggered by environmental and biological factors, the nanopesticides that respond to stimuli can enhance the efficacy of pesticides and contribute to the betterment of both the environment and food safety. The versatile nature and highly porous structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently garnered significant interest as drug carriers for various applications. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the development of metal-organic frameworks as nanocarriers for pesticide applications. This review focuses on the advancements, challenges, and potential future enhancements in the design of metal-organic frameworks as nanocarriers in the field of pesticides. We explore the various stimuli-responsive metal-organic frameworks carriers, particularly focusing on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), which have been successfully activated by external stimuli such as pH-responsive or multiple stimuli-responsive mechanisms. In conclusion, this paper presents the existing issues and future prospects of metal-organic frameworks-based nanopesticides with stimuli-responsive controlled release.

Keywords: bioactivity; controlled release; metal-organic frameworks; nanopesticide; stimuli-responsive.

FIGURE 1

(A) The one pot method was employed for the synthesis of β-CYP/ZIF-8, (B) which subsequently facilitated the targeted drug release in response to termite infestation (Ma et al., 2022b).

FIGURE 2

The release of DZ@ZIF-8 is controlled by the pH response (Ren et al., 2022).

FIGURE 3

Utilization and implementation plan of the MOF composite (DNF@ZIF-8@PMMA/Zein) for delivering pesticides and fertilizers (Ma et al., 2022b).

FIGURE 4

The possible mechanism for the MOF hybrid’s ability to protect against ultraviolet radiation (Ma et al., 2022a).

FIGURE 5

This stimuli-response contains a depiction of the creation of a slow-release pesticide-fertilizer combination (ZNP@ZIF-8@DNF) that responds to pH, along with its possible implementation in the field of sustainable farming (Ma et al., 2021).

FIGURE 6

Preparation of ZnO-Z and Ber@ZnO-Z nanosphere depicted in the illustration (Liang et al., 2022a).

FIGURE 7

The scheme outlines the process of preparing and potentially releasing CAP@MIL-101(Fe)@silica (A). The pentagonal window (B), hexagonal window (C), and CAP molecule (D) are shown in a ball-and-stick view with free dimensions (Å) (Gao et al., 2021).

FIGURE 8

The method for creating CAR@MIL-101(Fe)-CMS nanoparticles (Liang et al., 2022).

FIGURE 9

(A) The GR-MOF-7 crystal structure reveals the coordination mode of the glufosinate ligand, which binds to four Cu²⁺ ions through all of its donor atoms, (B) Additionally, a view of the sheet is shown along the a crystallographic axis. To ensure clarity, the hydrogen atoms have been excluded (Sierra-Serrano et al., 2022).

FIGURE 10

The illustration showcases a composite membrane made of polymer-MOF, which enables the delivery of pesticides in direct contact with weeds. This delivery is made possible through the rainwater or irrigation system (Mahmoud et al., 2022).