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The vestibular implant (VI) system’s receiver-stimulator includes three fixation magnets, three stimulating electrode…
Fig. 1.
The vestibular implant (VI) system’s receiver-stimulator includes three fixation magnets, three stimulating electrode arrays (each with three electrodes), and a reference electrode. The anterior and horizontal canal electrode arrays are joined like tines of a fork to simplify insertion.
Fig. 2.
Intraoperative photograph showing the intended…
Fig. 2.
Intraoperative photograph showing the intended location for the vestibular implant (VI) receiver-stimulator (A)…
Fig. 2.
Intraoperative photograph showing the intended location for the vestibular implant (VI) receiver-stimulator (A) and receiver-stimulator insertion into the sub-periosteal pocket (B).
Fig. 3.
(A) Stimulating electrode arrays in…
Fig. 3.
(A) Stimulating electrode arrays in a left labyrinth, shown with (optional/elective) reference electrode…
Fig. 3.
(A) Stimulating electrode arrays in a left labyrinth, shown with (optional/elective) reference electrode placement in the common crus. (B) Labyrinthotomies in a left human temporal bone specimen. The facial recess was opened widely in this specimen to better show the borders of the facial nerve canal’s mastoid segment. Note that the posterior semicircular canalotomy is ~1 mm posterior of a coronal plane containing the posterior borders of the facial nerve and stapedius.
Fig. 4.
Left ear intraoperative photographs showing…
Fig. 4.
Left ear intraoperative photographs showing locations of labyrinthotomies (A) and electrodes (B).
Fig. 4.
Left ear intraoperative photographs showing locations of labyrinthotomies (A) and electrodes (B).
Chow MR, Ayiotis AI, Schoo DP, et al. Posture, gait, quality of life, and hearing with a vestibular implant. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(6):521–532.
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van de Berg R, Guinand N, Guyot JP, Kingma H, Stokroos RJ. The modified ampullar approach for vestibular implant surgery: feasibility and its first application in a human with a long-term vestibular loss. Front Neurol. 2012;3:18.
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Phillips JO, Ling L, Nie K, et al. Vestibular implantation and longitudinalelectrical stimulation of the semicircular canal afferents in human subjects. J Neurophysiol. 2015;113(10):3866–3892.
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