The spectrum of glomerular and vascular kidney pathology associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms

Abstract

A high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, MPN-related glomerulopathy (MPN-RG) may not account for the entirety of CKD risk in this population. The systemic vasculopathy encountered in these patients raises the hypothesis that vascular nephrosclerosis may be a common pattern of injury in patients with MPN and with CKD. In an exhaustive, retrospective, multicenter study of MPN kidney biopsies in four different pathology departments, we now describe glomerular and vascular lesions and establish clinicopathologic correlations. Our study encompassed 47 patients with MPN who underwent a kidney biopsy that included 16 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 31 patients with non-CML MPN. Fourteen cases met a proposed definition of MPN-RG based on mesangial sclerosis and hypercellularity, as well as glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy. MPN-RG was significantly associated with both myelofibrosis and poorer kidney survival. Thirty-three patients had moderate-to-severe arteriosclerosis while 39 patients had moderate-to-severe arteriolar hyalinosis. Multivariable models that included 188 adult native kidney biopsies as controls revealed an association between MPN and chronic kidney vascular damage, which was independent of established risk factors such as age, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Therefore, MPN-RG is associated with myelofibrosis and has a poor kidney prognosis. Thus, our findings suggest that the kidney vasculature is a target during MPN-associated vasculopathy and establish a new link between MPN and CKD. Hence, these results may raise new hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of vascular nephrosclerosis in the general population.

Keywords: arteriolar hyalinosis; arteriosclerosis; chronic kidney disease; myelofibrosis; myeloproliferative neoplasms; vascular nephrosclerosis.