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. 2023 Sep 28;19(1):101.
doi: 10.1186/s13007-023-01076-0.

A high-throughput phenotyping method for sugarcane rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force characterization by near-infrared spectroscopy

Yinjuan Shen #  1   2 , Muhammad Adnan #  1 , Fumin Ma #  1 , Liyuan Kong  1 , Maoyao Wang  1 , Fuhong Jiang  1 , Qian Hu  1 , Wei Yao  1 , Yongfang Zhou  3 , Muqing Zhang  4 , Jiangfeng Huang  5
Affiliations

A high-throughput phenotyping method for sugarcane rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force characterization by near-infrared spectroscopy

Yinjuan Shen et al. Plant Methods. .

Abstract

Background: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the core crop for sugar and bioethanol production over the world. A major problem in sugarcane production is stalk lodging due to weak mechanical strength. Rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and breaking force are two kinds of regular parameters for mechanical strength characterization. However, due to the lack of efficient methods for determining RPR and breaking force in sugarcane, genetic approaches for improving these traits are generally limited. This study was designed to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration assay to accurately assess mechanical strength on a high-throughput basis for the first time.

Results: Based on well-established laboratory measurements of sugarcane stalk internodes collected in the years 2019 and 2020, considerable variations in RPR and breaking force were observed in the stalk internodes. Following a standard NIRS calibration process, two online models were obtained with a high coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) values during calibration, internal cross-validation, and external validation. Remarkably, the equation for RPR exhibited R2 and RPD values as high as 0.997 and 17.70, as well as showing relatively low root mean square error values at 0.44 N mm-2 during global modeling, demonstrating excellent predictive performance.

Conclusions: This study delivered a successful attempt for rapid and precise prediction of rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force in sugarcane stalk by NIRS assay. These established models can be used to improve phenotyping jobs for sugarcane germplasm on a large scale.

Keywords: Breaking force; Mechanical strength; Phenotyping; Rind penetrometer resistance; Sugarcane.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
High-performance laboratory analytical methods for measuring mechanical strengths in sugarcane stalk. A Schematic diagram of multi-internodes of sugarcane. B RPR measurement. C Distribution of RPR value in different internodes of sugarcane genotypes. D Multiple comparison analysis of internodes RPR in sugarcane (values were calculated by one-way ANOVA and LSD test, n = 6, α ≤ 0.05). RPR: rind penetrometer resistance. E Comparison analysis of RPR values in sugarcane genotypes across different years. PH1-PH3: genotypes with high RPR; PL1-PL3: genotypes with low RPR. F Breaking force measurement. G Comparison analysis of breaking force in sugarcane genotypes. BH1-BH3: genotypes with high breaking force; BL1-BL3: genotypes with low breaking force; B1-B3: sugarcane planted at three different fields. ** indicated statistically significant differences at p < 0.01 level. H Standard error of RPR and breaking force measurement
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Variation of stalk mechanical strength in sugarcane population. A Venn diagram representing the number of sugarcane genotypes used for mechanical strength measurement. B, C Variated distribution of RPR (B) and breaking force (C) in sugarcane stalks. D Correlation analysis of sugarcane stalk RPR in 2019 and 2020. E Correlation analysis between RPR and breaking force in sugarcane genotypes. RPR rind penetrometer resistance. ** indicated statistically significant correlation at p < 0.01 level
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Near-infrared spectral characterizations in sugarcane genotypes. A, E Original spectral of the samples used for RPR (A) and breaking force (E). RPR: rind penetrometer resistance. B, F The first 10 principal components for near-infrared spectral characterization. C, G Genotype variation in each principal component in the sugarcane. D, H 3D view of the collected sugarcane genotypes via PCA
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Statistics of sugarcane genotypes for calibration and external validation. A, C Frequency distribution of genotypes for calibration of RPR (A) and breaking force (C). B, D Frequency distribution of genotypes for external validation of RPR (B) and breaking force (D)
Fig.5
Fig.5
Correlation between the fit (predicted) value and observed value for stalk mechanical strengths in sugarcane. A, C Calibration for RPR (A) and breaking force (C); B, D Cross-validation for RPR (B) and breaking force (D). RPR: rind penetrometer resistance; R2, determination coefficient of calibration; R2cv, determination coefficient of cross-validation; RMSEC, root mean square error of calibration; RMSECV, root mean square error of cross-validation; RPD, ratio of prediction to deviation
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