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. 2023 Sep 30;23(1):277.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-03008-3.

Evaluation of ethanol and EDTA concentrations in the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes in XDR clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Mohadeseh Ostovari Deilamani  1   2 , Farhad Nikkhahi  1 , Mehdi Bakht  1   2 , Safar Ali Alizadeh  1 , Fatemeh Fardsanei  3 , Amir Javadi  1 , Seyed Mahmoud Amin Marashi  1 , Masoumeh Aslanimehr  1 , Amir Peymani  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of ethanol and EDTA concentrations in the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes in XDR clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Mohadeseh Ostovari Deilamani et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is able to cause infections in immunocompromised patients, and the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen is complicated due to its virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm. The main goals of this study were to assess the susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates to ethanol and EDTA, and evaluating the synergistic effect of these disinfectants, and also survey the effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethanol and EDTA on the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes.

Results: The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the effectiveness of the ethanol and have a synergistic effect. All of the 10 XDR isolates included in the current study harbored smf-1 and rpfF genes and produced biofilm. After exposure to MIC, sub-MIC, synergism, and sub-synergism of ethanol and EDTA, the expression of smf-1 and rpfF genes was repressed significantly.

Conclusion: In the current study, it was indicated that the expression of biofilm-producing genes was repressed when bacteria are exposed to different concentrations of ethanol and EDTA. Future studies should include more complex microbial communities residing in the hospitals, and more disinfectants use in hospitals. Expression of other virulence genes in different conditions is suggested.

Keywords: Biofilm; Checkerboard method; Clinical isolates; EDTA; Ethanol; Nosocomial infection; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Diagram of occurrence of S. maltophilia in relation to clinical source
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Diagram of occurrence of S. maltophilia in relation to hospital department source
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Diagram of the results of antibiotics susceptibility test
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The effect of MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of ethanol and EDTA, as well as their synergism and sub- synergism concentrations on rpfF gene expression assessed by qRT–PCR. *P < 0.05
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The effect of MIC and sub-MIC concentrations of ethanol and EDTA, as well as their synergism and sub- synergism concentrations on smf-1 gene expression assessed by qRT–PCR. *P < 0.05
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