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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Oct 1;105-B(10):1038-1044.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.105B10.BJJ-2023-0300.R1.

Intraoperative cell salvage in revision hip arthroplasty

Thomas J Walton  1 , Daniel Huntley  1 , Sarah L Whitehouse  1   2 , Jennifer Davies  3 , Matthew J Wilson  1 , Matthew J W Hubble  1 , Jonathan R Howell  1 , A M Kassam  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Intraoperative cell salvage in revision hip arthroplasty

Thomas J Walton et al. Bone Joint J. .

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of intraoperative cell salvage in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty, and specifically to analyze the available data in order to quantify any associated reduction in the use of allogenic blood transfusion, and the volume which is used.

Methods: An electronic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was completed from the date of their inception to 24 February 2022, using a search strategy and protocol created in conjunction with the PRISMA statement. Inclusion criteria were patients aged > 18 years who underwent revision hip arthroplasty when cell salvage was used. Studies in which pre-donated red blood cells were used were excluded. A meta-analysis was also performed using a random effects model with significance set at p = 0.05.

Results: Of the 283 studies which were identified, 11 were included in the systematic review, and nine in the meta-analysis. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the proportion of patients requiring allogenic transfusion between groups, with an odds ratio of 0.331 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.165 to 0.663) associated with the use of cell salvage. For a total of 561 patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty who were treated with cell salvage, 247 (44.0%) required allogenic transfusion compared with 418 of 643 patients (65.0%) who were treated without cell salvage. For those treated with cell salvage, the mean volume of allogenic blood which was required was 1.95 units (390 ml) per patient (0.7 to 4.5 units), compared with 3.25 units (650 ml) per patient (1.2 to 7.0 units) in those treated without cell salvage. The mean difference of -1.91 units (95% CI -4.0 to 0.2) in the meta-analysis was also significant (p = 0.003).

Conclusion: We found a a significant reduction in the need for allogenic blood transfusion when cell salvage was used in patients undergoing revision hip arthroplasty, supporting its routine use in these patients. Further research is required to determine whether this effect is associated with types of revision arthroplasty of differing complexity.

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Conflict of interest statement

J. R. Howell, M. J. Hubble, A. M. Kassam, S. L. Whitehouse, and M. J. Wilson report institutional payments from Stryker, unrelated to this study. J. R. Howell, M. J. Hubble, and M. J. Wilson also report personal royalties from Stryker, unrelated to this study. A. M. Kassam also reports teaching payments from Stryker, unrelated to this study. M. J. Wilson also reports travel, accommodation, and subsistence payments for teaching, and a patent from Stryker, all unrelated to this study, and is President-elect of the British Hip Society.

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