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. 2023 Sep 30;23(1):924.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-11414-z.

A registration trend in eyelid skin cancers and associated risk factors in Iran, 2005-2016

Sare Safi #  1   2 , Mohadese Ahmadzade #  3 , Saeed Karimi  3 , Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari  4 , Hamidreza Rouientan  3 , Mohammad Abolhosseini  5 , Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi  6 , Zahra Khorrami  7
Affiliations

A registration trend in eyelid skin cancers and associated risk factors in Iran, 2005-2016

Sare Safi et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Eyelid skin cancers are the most prevalent ophthalmic malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the Human Development Index (HDI) and lifestyle risk factors with eyelid skin cancers in Iran.

Methods: This ecological study analyzed the data collected from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (2005-2016). The data on provincial-level eyelid skin cancer risk factors were obtained from national sources. The association between provincial HDI and lifestyle risk factors with the prevalence of eyelid skin cancers was assessed.

Results: The mean 12-year age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of eyelid skin cancers was 16.22 per 100,000 (9,104 cases). The overall ASIR showed an upward trend with an estimated annual average increase of 0.006 per year. There were positive correlations between the prevalence of overall eyelid skin cancers and provincial HDI, smoking, and obesity (r = 0.32, 0.42, and 0.37, respectively). In multivariate analysis, obesity/overweight remained a positive predictor for high prevalence of total eyelid skin cancers (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.08-3.58, P = 0.026), carcinoma (2.10, 1.15-3.83, P = 0.015), and basal cell carcinoma (1.48, 0.99-2.20, P = 0.054).

Conclusions: An increasing trend in ASIR of eyelid skin cancers was observed in more than a decade in Iran which was positively associated with provincial HDI and prevalence of obesity. The findings of the study highlight the importance of promotional programs for preventing obesity/overweight and appropriate allocation of screening facilities based on the HDI level.

Keywords: Age-standardized incidence rates; Eyelid skin cancers; Iran; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare relevant to this article's contents.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The trends in the EAPC of eyelid skin cancers ASIR by Iran provinces from 2005 to 2016. The trend is upward when the EAPC and the 95% CI are positive; and is downward when EAPC and the 95% CI are negative. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; ASIR: age-standardized incidence rate
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The ASIR of morphology types of eyelid skin cancers stratified by the HDI level in Iran in 2016. The ASIRs of total eyelid skin cancers and carcinoma morphology subtypes are increased in high level of HDI. ASIR: age-standardized incidence rate; HDI: human development index
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The correlation between HDI in 2016 at the provincial level in Iran and EAPC and prevalence of eyelid skin cancers. There is a positive correlation between HDI and EAPC (a), and prevalence (b) of eyelid skin cancers. EAPC: estimated annual percentage change; HDI: human development index
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Determination of risk factors for total eyelid skin cancers, carcinoma, and BCC at the provincial level in Iran. A higher prevalence of obesity/overweight is associated with a higher prevalence of eyelid skin total cancers, carcinomas, and BCC. BCC: basal cell carcinoma; ORs: odds ratios; CIs: confidence intervals; AUCs: area under the curves
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