Brain positron emission tomography in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: new 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose pattern in a long-known syndrome

Abstract

Aim: Patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can show a global reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism at [ 18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. The presence of caudate hypometabolism has been identified as a potential biomarker in iNPH, yet there is limited evidence of hypermetabolic findings in patients with iNPH so far.

Methods: We retrieved retrospectively patients with iNPH and normal cognitive assessment, evaluated before surgery undergoing brain [ 18 F]FDG-PET. The 18 F-FDG-PET brain scans were compared to those of a control group of healthy subjects, matched for age and sex, by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to identify areas of relative hypo- and hypermetabolism. Furthermore, the existence of a correlation between areas of hypo- and hypermetabolism in the patient group was tested.

Results: Seven iNPH patients (mean age 74 ± 6 years) were found in the hospital database. SPM group analysis revealed clusters of significant hypometabolism ( P = 0.001) in the iNPH group in the dorsal striatum, involving caudate and putamen bilaterally. Clusters of significant hypermetabolism ( P = 0.001) were revealed in the bilateral superior and precentral frontal gyrus (BA 4, 6). A significant inverse correlation between striatal hypometabolism and bilateral superior and precentral frontal gyrus hypermetabolism was revealed ( P < 0.001 corrected for multiple comparisons).

Conclusion: In this cohort, patients with iNPH showed subcortical hypometabolism, including bilateral dorsal striatum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a hypermetabolic pattern in the primary motor and premotor areas, and showing an inverse correlation between the striatum and motor cortex in patients with iNPH.