The burden of asthma among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A national cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: Asthma disease is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Studies assessing asthma prevalence in Saudi Arabia have been variable and not recently updated.

Objectives: We sought to assess asthma prevalence, severity, and related risk factors among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A national, cross-sectional design was used following the Global Asthma Network phase I design. A total of 3817 children aged 6 to 7 years and 4138 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years were recruited from 137 primary and 140 intermediate schools across 20 regions by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Standardized written questionnaires were answered by the adolescents and by the parents or guardians of the children. The adolescents also answered a video-based questionnaire.

Results: Overall, the prevalences of current wheeze were 10.4% and 13.3% and the prevalences of asthma ever were 13.8% and 15.7%, % in children and adolescents, respectively. Of all the children and adolescents, 5.2% and 5.6% had symptoms of severe asthma, respectively. Among those who reported asthma, 86.0% of the children and 74.8% of the adolescents had their asthma confirmed by a doctor, and 53.0% and 32.4%, respectively, were provided with a written plan to control their asthma. The main risk factors associated with current wheeze included antibiotic use in the first year of life, a history of being diagnosed with pneumonia in children, paracetamol use, and having a cat at home during the past 12 months in adolescents.

Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia is within the average international range and is at a plateau phase.

Keywords: Asthma; GAN phase I; Saudi Arabia; adolescents; asthma ever; children; current wheeze; prevalence; risk factors.

Fig 1

Study flow diagram.