Periodontitis Burden in Diffuse Versus Limited Systemic Sclerosis Subtypes: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status of a group of Romanian systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to investigate the relationships between periodontitis and SSc subtypes.

Materials and methods: This observational study included patients diagnosed with limited SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse SSc (dcSSc). Demographic data were collected from medical records. Each participant underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination including Bleeding on Probing (BoP) index, Oral Hygiene (OH) index, Probing Depth (PD), Gingival Recession (GR), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The periodontal status was defined according to presently recognised case definition system.

Results: The study included 30 patients with lcSSc and 30 patients with dcSSc with a mean age of 52.45±11.75 years. The overall periodontitis frequence in our SSc group was 95%. The frequency of stage III/IV periodontitis was higher in the dcSSc group (90%) than in the lcSSc group (60%). Within the group of SSc patients, significant positive correlations were observed between age, BoP index, OH index, the number of missing teeth, mean PD, mean CAL on one side and periodontitis diagnosis on the other side (r=0.588, p=0.001; r=0.399, p=0.002; r=0.388, p=0.002; r=0.574, p=0.001; r=0.444, p=0.001; r=0.571, p=0.001). A significant positive correlation existed between the diagnostic of periodontitis and SSc subtypes (r=0.327, p <0.001).

Conclusions: Periodontitis was highly prevalent in both lcSSc and dcSSc groups. More stage III/IV periodontitis cases were detected dcSSc group of patients.

Keywords: Inflammation; Periodontitis; Pocket depth; Systemic sclerosis.

Figure 1

Flow chart of patients selected in the study