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. 2023 Aug 29:19:100848.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100848. eCollection 2023 Oct 30.

Targeted metabolic reveals different part of maize in polyphenolic metabolites during germination and hypoglycemic activity analysis

Lipeng Liu  1   2 , Xiaomin Fang  1   2 , Shida Ren  1   2 , Rui Jia  1   2 , Qiannan Liu  1   2 , Huimin Liu  1   2 , Lin Xiu  1   2 , Sanabil Yaqoob  1   2 , Dan Cai  1   2 , Jingsheng Liu  1   2
Affiliations

Targeted metabolic reveals different part of maize in polyphenolic metabolites during germination and hypoglycemic activity analysis

Lipeng Liu et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds in the maize germinating seed embryo, radicle, and germ were performed at 0, 48, and 96 h post-germination, followed by the evaluation of their hypoglycemic activity. The results revealed the accumulation of 80 phenolics in different parts of germinated maize, of which 47, 48, and 53 were present in the seed embryo, radicle, and germ. After germination 22, 26, and 34 polyphenols were found to differential accumulate in the seed embryo, radicle, and germ. At 96 h post-germination, the content of monomeric phenols in the germ was higher than that in the radicle and seed embryo. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of polyphenols in the germ towards α-glucosidase and α-amylase was higher than that in the radicle and seed embryo. These results indicate that germination can effectively improve the type and content of phenolic compounds in different parts of maize.

Keywords: Hypoglycemic activity; Maize germination; Phenolic compound; Seed part.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PCA and PLS-DA analysis of metabolites in different parts of germinated maize. (a-c) PCA (principal component analysis) plots of metabolites in the seed embryo, radicle, and germ; (d-f) PLS-DA substitution test plots of metabolites in the seed embryo, radicle, and germ; seed embryo: A, B, C (0 h, 48 h, and 96 h, respectively), radicle: D, and E (48 h, and 96 h, respectively), and germ: F, and G (48 h, and 96 h, respectively).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Heat map analysis of phenolic metabolites in different parts of germinated maize. A depicts the percentage of polyphenol metabolites in different parts of germinated maize. B represents the differential accumulation of polyphenol metabolites in seed embryo: E, F, and G (0 h, 48 h, and 96 h, respectively); C represents the differential accumulation of polyphenol metabolites in radicle: H, and I (48 h, and 96 h, respectively); D represents differential polyphenol metabolites in germ: J, and K (48 h, and 96 h, respectively).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Hypoglycemic activities analysis of phenolic compounds from germinated maize in vitro. A: Inhibition activities of α-glucosidase of samples; B: inhibition activities of α-amylase of samples; lowercase letters represent significant differences (p ＜ 0.05).
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