Office-based facial plastics procedures: Neuromodulators

Abstract

Botulinum toxin is a potent neuromodulator commonly used for cosmetic applications in the clinic. In this article, we reviewed the various formulations of botulinum toxin type A commercially available in the United States, as well as clinical pearls for preprocedural planning, common in-office injections, and management of complications.

Keywords: botulinum toxin; facial plastics; facial wrinkles.

Figure 1

Example injection sites for chemical browlift.

Figure 2

Injection sites for depressor anguli oris.

Figure 3

Injection sites for upper lip lift.

Figure 4

Injection sites for treatment of the masseter. Injections should be kept below a line connecting the inferior border of the tragus and the oral commissure.