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. 2023 Sep 29;13(41):28564-28575.
doi: 10.1039/d3ra05241a. eCollection 2023 Sep 26.

MoS2-NiO nanocomposite for H2S sensing at room temperature

Shama Sadaf  1 , Hongpeng Zhang  1 , Ali Akhtar  2
Affiliations

MoS2-NiO nanocomposite for H2S sensing at room temperature

Shama Sadaf et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

The layered 2-D materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are among the most promising candidates for detecting H2S gas at very low concentrations. Herein, we have designed a series of novel nanocomposites consisting of MoS2 and NiO. These materials were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The microstructure and morphology of nanocomposites were studied using different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These nanocomposites were used as gas sensors, and the highest response (6.3) towards 10 ppm H2S was detected by the MNO-10 gas sensor among all the tested sensors. The response value (Rg/Ra) was almost three times that of pure NiO (Rg/Ra = 2). Besides, the MNO-10 sensor exposed good selectivity, short response/recovery time (50/20 s), long-term stability (28 days), reproducibility (6 cycles), and a low detection limit (2 ppm) towards H2S gas at RT. The excellent performance of MNO-10 may be attributed to some features of MoS2, such as a layered structure, higher BET surface area, higher active sites, and a synergistic effect between MoS2 and NiO. This simple fabrication sensor throws a novel idea for detecting H2S gas.

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Conflict of interest statement

This work does not have any conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Synthesis diagram of MoS2–NiO nanocomposites.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. XRD patterns of MoS2–NiO nanocomposites.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. (a and b) SEM images of MNO-0, (c and d) MNO-5, (e and f) MNO-10, (g and h) MNO-15, and (i) MoS2. (j) EDS spectrum and mappings of MNO-10.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. TEM images and HRTEM images of (a and b) MNO-0, (c and d) MNO-5, (e and f) MNO-10, (g and h) MNO-15, and (i) MoS2.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distributions of MNO-0, MNO-5, MNO-10, and MNO-15 (a and b).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. XPS spectra (a) full survey of MNO-10 (b) Ni 2p spectrum of MNO-10, (c) O 1s spectrum of MNO-0, (d) O 1s spectrum of MNO-10, (e) Mo 3d spectrum of MNO-10, (f) S 2p spectrum of MNO-10.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. The responses of various gas sensors at different operating temperatures.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. (a) Dynamic res./rec. curve and resistance of MNO-10 to 10–0.5 ppm H2S at RT, (b) resistance change of MNO-10 composite-based sensor to 10 ppm H2S, (c) the plots of response/recovery times towards 10 ppm C4H10, H2, and NO2 of MNO-10, (d) relation between response and different concentrations of H2S of MNO-10.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. (a) The selectivity test for all sensors towards various gases at RT, (b) the stability test for all sensors at RT.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. (a) The reproducibility of MNO-10 based gas sensor at RT towards 10 ppm H2S, (b) the response vs. different RH at RT towards 10 ppm H2S.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. The gas sensing mechanism and energy band-gap structure of MNO-10 based gas sensor at RT towards 10 ppm H2S.
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