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. 2023 Sep 28:14:20406207231199837.
doi: 10.1177/20406207231199837. eCollection 2023.

Alterations of erythropoiesis in Covid-19 patients: prevalence of positive Coombs tests and iron metabolism

Léa Schmitz  1 , Michelle Pirotte  1 , Alizée Lebeau  2 , Marie Ernst  3 , Marianne Fillet  4 , Anais Devey  5 , Justine Schmitt  5 , Gaël Cobraiville  6 , Marilène Binsfeld  7 , Stéphanie Gofflot  8 , Yves Beguin  1 , Gaëlle Vertenoeil  9
Affiliations

Alterations of erythropoiesis in Covid-19 patients: prevalence of positive Coombs tests and iron metabolism

Léa Schmitz et al. Ther Adv Hematol. .

Abstract

Background: For more than 2 years medical practice has been dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Atypical symptoms, such as frostbites and acrosyndromes, have appeared, and autoimmune anemias (some of which with cold agglutinins) have been described.

Objectives: We planned to study the prevalence of positive direct Coombs tests (DCTs) and hemolytic autoimmune anemia in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its correlation with complications, and then investigate the impact of the infection on iron metabolism.

Design: This is an observational, cross-sectional, single-center, exploratory study.

Methods: We obtained Coombs tests in a population of 179 infected patients at the CHU of Liège. We then studied iron metabolism in some of these patients, by measuring serum ferritin, erythropoietin (EPO), erythroferrone and hepcidin.

Results: We did not identify any case of autoimmune hemolysis. However, there was a 20.3% prevalence of positive DCT, mainly with IgG (91.7%). These patients, compared to DCT-negative patients, were not only more anemic and transfused, but also required more transfers to intensive care units and had longer hospital stays and mechanical ventilation. The pattern of anemia was consistent with the anemia of inflammation, showing elevated hepcidin and ferritin levels, while EPO and erythroferrone values were lower than expected at this degree of anemia. Erythroferrone was higher and Hb was lower in DCT-positive patients. Finally, we identified a correlation between iron parameters and complicated forms of infection.

Conclusion: Covid-19 patients suffered from inflammatory anemia with more severe forms of infection correlated to positive DCT status. This could potentially be of interest for future clinical practice.

Keywords: Coombs test; Covid-19; anemia; hemolysis; iron metabolism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Initial and peak values of iron parameters (median, Q1–Q3) according to DCT (Coombs) status.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Correlations among biological parameters.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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