Potential conflicts of interest. A. L. S. reports travel and lodging reimbursement to attend the ISAPP annual meeting 14–17 June 2022, paid directly to author, from International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) (unrelated to content of the manuscript); uncompensated participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Protocol: 20-0024 (Title: A Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Non-Interference with Concomitant Routine Vaccines, of a Meningococcal Serogroup ACYWX Conjugate Vaccine (NmCV-5) in Comparison with MenACWY-TT Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Malian Infants) (unrelated to content of the manuscript); a role as Deputy Editor of Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (JPIDS) (unrelated to content of the manuscript; stipend paid directly to author) and as Board Member of Families First (unrelated to content of the manuscript; uncompensated); and is a voting member of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) and provides services as a Special Government Employee (unrelated to content of the manuscript; stipend paid directly to author). The author has submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.