Recent Advances in Organic Sensors for the Detection of Ag+ Ions: A Comprehensive Review (2019-2023)

Abstract

Recently, organic sensors for the detection of Ag⁺ and other metal ions have experienced significant advancements. This is because there is a growing demand for reliable and sensitive tools to monitor various environmental pollutants. Organic sensors have O-, S-, and N-donor atoms, which can act as a ligand and coordinate with different metal ions, hence stabilizing them in a variety of oxidation states. This interaction gives colorimetric and fluorescence changes, which are used to monitor Ag⁺ and other metal ions. This comprehensive review highlights the latest developments in organic sensors for the recognition of Ag⁺. We present an in-depth analysis of the underlying principles and mechanisms governing Ag⁺ ion recognition. Various organic sensing platforms, such as fluorescent and colorimetric sensors, are discussed, shedding light on their unique advantages and limitations. Special attention is given to the diverse range of organic ligands, receptors, and functional materials used to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, and quantification accuracy. Additionally, we delve into real-world applications of organic sensors for Ag⁺ ion detection, examining their performance in complex matrices such as biological, environmental, industrial and agricultural matrices.

Keywords: Ag+ ions; colorimetric sensors; organic sensors; oxidation states; pollutants.