Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2024 Mar 20;78(3):518-525.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad605.

Is Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy Suitable for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections in Onco-hematology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia? Results of a Multi-institutional Analysis

Xiaomeng Feng  1   2 , Chenjing Qian  3 , Yuping Fan  1   2 , Jia Li  1   2 , Jieru Wang  1   2 , Qingsong Lin  1   2 , Erlie Jiang  1   2 , Yingchang Mi  1   2 , Lugui Qiu  1   2 , Zhijian Xiao  1   2 , Jianxiang Wang  1   2 , Mei Hong  3 , Sizhou Feng  1   2
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Is Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy Suitable for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections in Onco-hematology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia? Results of a Multi-institutional Analysis

Xiaomeng Feng et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Several studies have suggested that short-course antibiotic therapy was effective in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infections (BSI) in immunocompetent patients. But similar studies in patients with hematological malignancies were rare.

Methods: This cohort study included onco-hematology patients at 2 hematology centers in China. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the confounding factors. Multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the effect of short-course antibiotic therapy on clinical outcomes.

Results: In total, 434 patients met eligibility criteria (short-course, 7-11 days, n = 229; prolonged, 12-21 days, n = 205). In the weighted cohort, the univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that short course antibiotic therapy had similar outcomes to the prolonged course. The recurrent PA infection at any site or mortality within 30 days of completing therapy occurred in 8 (3.9%) patients in the short-course group and in 10 (4.9%) in the prolonged-course group (P = .979). The recurrent infection within 90 days occurred in 20 (9.8%) patients in the short-course group and in 13 (6.3%) patients in the prolonged-course group (P = .139), and the recurrent fever within 7 days occurred in 17 (8.3%) patients in the short-course group and in 15 (7.4%) in the prolonged-course group (P = .957). On average, patients who received short-course antibiotic therapy spent 3.3 fewer days in the hospital (P < .001).

Conclusions: In the study, short-course therapy was non-inferior to prolonged-course therapy in terms of clinical outcomes. However, due to its biases and limitations, further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to generalize our findings.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; bloodstream infection; immunocompromised patients; short course treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. The authors: No reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.

Figures

Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
This graphical abstract is also available at Tidbit: https://tidbitapp.io/tidbits/is-short-course-antibiotic-therapy-suitable-for-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-bloodstream-infections-in-onco-hematology-patients-with-febrile-neutropenia-results-of-a-multi-institutional-analysis
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study population.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

    1. Kanj S, Sexton D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and endocarditis. Waltham: Up To Date. 2021.
    1. Israelsen SB, Fally M, Tarp B, Kolte L, Ravn P, Benfield T. Short-course antibiotic therapy for hospitalized patients with early clinical response in community-acquired pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:54–60. - PubMed
    1. Turjeman A, von Dach E, Molina J, et al. Duration of antibiotic treatment for gram-negative bacteremia—systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 55:101750. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Babich T, Naucler P, Valik JK, et al. Duration of treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: a retrospective study. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1505–19. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bouglé A, Tuffet S, Federici L, et al. Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48:841–9. - PubMed

Publication types

Substances