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Review
. 2023 Oct;12(20):20365-20379.
doi: 10.1002/cam4.6600. Epub 2023 Oct 5.

Roles of long noncoding RNA in triple-negative breast cancer

Affiliations
Review

Roles of long noncoding RNA in triple-negative breast cancer

Plabon Kumar Das et al. Cancer Med. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Introduction: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various hallmarks in cancers. Triple-negative (Estrogen receptor, ER; Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2; Progesterone receptor, PR) breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancers with a poor prognosis and no available molecular targeted therapy.

Methods: We reviewed the current literature on the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis of patients with TBNC.

Results: LncRNAs are associated with TNBC pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and prognosis. For example, lncRNAs such as small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12), highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), lincRNA-regulator of reprogramming (LincRNA-ROR), etc., are aberrantly expressed in TNBC and are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. LncRNAs act as a decoy, scaffold, or sponge to regulate the expression of genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and progression of TNBC. Moreover, lncRNAs such as ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3), BMP/OP-responsive gene (BORG) contributes to the therapy resistance property of TNBC through activating ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1) drug efflux pumps by increasing DNA repair capacity or by inducing signaling pathway involved in therapeutic resistance.

Conclusion: In this review, we outline the functions of various lncRNAs along with their molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance of TBNC. Also, the prognostic implications of lncRNAs in patients with TNBC is illustrated. Moreover, potential strategies targeting lncRNAs against highly aggressive TNBC is discussed in this review.

Keywords: chemotherapy resistance; long noncoding RNAs; pathogenesis; prognosis; radiotherapy resistance; targeted therapies.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest among the authors.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Functions of long noncoding RNAs in TNBC. LncRNAs positively or negatively regulates the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and stemness property of TNBC cells by regulating the expression of miRNAs, or transcription factors. The outer circle presents the miRs targets, while the second circle showing the lncRNAs. The next circle shows the biological and cellular processes regulated by the lncRNAs in TBNC.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Role of lncRNAs in chemotherapy resistance of TNBC. LncRNAs regulates chemotherapy resistance by inducing the activation of growth signaling pathways, increasing the expression of drug efflux pumps, promoting DNA damage repair, or by inhibiting apoptosis.

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