The other side of capacitation: role of mouse male molecules in the regulation of time and place of capacitation

Abstract

In brief: Capacitation is regulated by decapacitation factors secreted by male ducts and accessory sex glands. This revision is focused on targets and events regulated by decapacitation factors in Mus musculus and their potential use for fertility control.

Abstract: Sperm capacitation is a necessary process for mammalian spermatozoa to acquire fertilization capability. This process occurs when the sperm enters the female's reproductive duct, involving a vital interplay with the uterine and oviductal environment, leading to morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications in the male gamete. Besides, for a successful sperm capacitation, molecules are incorporated onto the sperm's surface during its passage through the male reproductive tract followed by their subsequent removal. These molecules, referred to as decapacitation factors (DFs), also regulate capacitation, preventing this process from occurring in the wrong site or at the wrong time. While decapacitation factors have been extensively studied in recent decades in species such as Mus musculus, there is no comprehensive report consolidating information on all the identified decapacitation factors and the molecular basis of their function. The aim of this review is to summarize the data related to decapacitation factors discovered and characterized in Mus musculus. Concurrently, this review aims to elucidate the implications of different decapacitation factors throughout the fertilization process (i.e. capacitation, acrosomal reaction, and fertilization), as well as the methodologies employed for their investigation. Given that mice (Mus musculus) have served as a valuable model in reproductive research due to their genetic similarity to humans, this review contributes to our understanding of the role of decapacitation factors in male fertility.