Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age

Nfn Kiran¹, Fnu Sapna², Fnu Kiran³, Deepak Kumar⁴, Fnu Raja⁵, Sheena Shiwlani^{6

7}, Antonella Paladini⁸, Fnu Sonam^{9

10}, Ahmed Bendari¹¹, Raja Sandeep Perkash¹², Fnu Anjali¹³, Giustino Varrassi¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, New York, USA.
² Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
³ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.
⁴ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
⁵ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.
⁶ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Isra University, Karachi, PAK.
⁷ Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
⁸ Clinical Medicine, Public Health and Life Science (MESVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ITA.
⁹ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Sukkur, PAK.
¹⁰ Medicine, Mustafai Trust Central Hospital, Sukkur, PAK.
¹¹ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA.
¹² Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
¹³ Internal Medicine, Sakhi Baba General Hospital, Sukkur, PAK.
¹⁴ Pain Medicine, Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, ITA.

PMID: 37799211
PMCID: PMC10547926
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44620

Review

Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age

Nfn Kiran et al. Cureus. 2023.

. 2023 Sep 3;15(9):e44620.

doi: 10.7759/cureus.44620. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, New York, USA.
² Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
³ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.
⁴ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
⁵ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.
⁶ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Isra University, Karachi, PAK.
⁷ Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
⁸ Clinical Medicine, Public Health and Life Science (MESVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ITA.
⁹ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Sukkur, PAK.
¹⁰ Medicine, Mustafai Trust Central Hospital, Sukkur, PAK.
¹¹ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA.
¹² Neurosurgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
¹³ Internal Medicine, Sakhi Baba General Hospital, Sukkur, PAK.
¹⁴ Pain Medicine, Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, ITA.

PMID: 37799211
PMCID: PMC10547926
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44620

Abstract

In the context of rapid technological advancements, the narrative review titled "Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age" explores the significant impact of digital pathology in reshaping diagnostic approaches. This review delves into the various effects of the field, including remote consultations and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis, revealing the ongoing transformation taking place. The investigation explores the process of digitizing traditional glass slides, which aims to improve accessibility and facilitate sharing. Additionally, it addresses the complexities associated with data security and standardization challenges. Incorporating AI enhances pathologists' diagnostic capabilities and accelerates analytical procedures. Furthermore, the review highlights the growing importance of collaborative networks facilitating global knowledge sharing. It also emphasizes the significant impact of this technology on medical education and patient care. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of digital pathology's transformative and innovative potential, highlighting its disruptive nature in reshaping diagnostic practices.

Keywords: ai & robotics in healthcare; ai and robotics in healthcare; ai-assisted; analysis; diagnosis; digital; pathology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Cited by

Stroma and lymphocytes identified by deep learning are independent predictors for survival in pancreatic cancer.
Tan X, Rosin M, Appinger S, Deierl JC, Reichel K, Coolsen M, Valkenburg-van Iersel L, de Vos-Geelen J, de Jong EJM, Bednarsch J, Grootkoerkamp B, Doukas M, van Eijck C, Luedde T, Dahl E, Kather JN, Sivakumar S, Knoefel WT, Wiltberger G, Neumann UP, Heij LR. Tan X, et al. Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 19;15(1):9415. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94362-x. Sci Rep. 2025. PMID: 40108402 Free PMC article.
Automating liver biopsy segmentation with a robust, open-source tool for pathology research: the HOTSPoT model.
Cazzaniga G, L'Imperio V, Bonoldi E, Londoño MC, Madaleno J, Cipriano A, Gevers TJG, Samarska IV, Koc ÖM, Villamil A, Sanchez MF, Calvaruso V, Quattrocchi A, Cabibi D, Engel B, Malinverno F, Merelli E, Cristoferi L, Carbone M, Pagni F, Invernizzi P, Gerussi A. Cazzaniga G, et al. NPJ Digit Med. 2025 Jul 18;8(1):455. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01870-1. NPJ Digit Med. 2025. PMID: 40681745 Free PMC article.
An equivalency and efficiency study for one year digital pathology for clinical routine diagnostics in an accredited tertiary academic center.
Iwuajoku V, Ekici K, Haas A, Khan MZ, Kazemi A, Kasajima A, Delbridge C, Muckenhuber A, Schmoeckel E, Stögbauer F, Bollwein C, Schwamborn K, Steiger K, Mogler C, Schüffler PJ. Iwuajoku V, et al. Virchows Arch. 2025 Jul;487(1):3-12. doi: 10.1007/s00428-025-04043-3. Epub 2025 Feb 18. Virchows Arch. 2025. PMID: 39964525 Free PMC article. Review.
Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular procedures: a bibliometric and visual analysis study.
Gadhachanda KR, Marsool Marsool MD, Bozorgi A, Ameen D, Nayak SS, Nasrollahizadeh A, Alotaibi A, Farzaei A, Keivanlou MH, Hassanipour S, Amini-Salehi E, Jonnalagadda AK. Gadhachanda KR, et al. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 Feb 28;87(4):2187-2203. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000003112. eCollection 2025 Apr. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025. PMID: 40212154 Free PMC article. Review.
Artificial intelligence in digital pathology - time for a reality check.
Aggarwal A, Bharadwaj S, Corredor G, Pathak T, Badve S, Madabhushi A. Aggarwal A, et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2025 Apr;22(4):283-291. doi: 10.1038/s41571-025-00991-6. Epub 2025 Feb 11. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2025. PMID: 39934323 Review.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Digital pathology and artificial intelligence in translational medicine and clinical practice. Baxi V, Edwards R, Montalto M, Saha S. Mod Pathol. 2022;35:23–32. - PMC - PubMed
1. Artificial intelligence in digital pathology - new tools for diagnosis and precision oncology. Bera K, Schalper KA, Rimm DL, Velcheti V, Madabhushi A. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019;16:703–715. - PMC - PubMed
1. Artificial intelligence in digital breast pathology: techniques and applications. Ibrahim A, Gamble P, Jaroensri R, Abdelsamea MM, Mermel CH, Chen PC, Rakha EA. Breast. 2020;49:267–273. - PMC - PubMed
1. Emerging role of deep learning-based artificial intelligence in tumor pathology. Jiang Y, Yang M, Wang S, Li X, Sun Y. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020;40:154–166. - PMC - PubMed
1. Artificial intelligence for the prevention and clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Calderaro J, Seraphin TP, Luedde T, Simon TG. J Hepatol. 2022;76:1348–1361. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
- Europe PubMed Central
- PubMed Central

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age

Affiliations

Digital Pathology: Transforming Diagnosis in the Digital Age

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources