Impact of climate change on non-communicable diseases caused by altered UV radiation

Abstract

Background: UV radiation can cause serious skin and eye diseases, especially cancers. UV-related skin cancer incidences have been increasing for decades. The determining factor for this development is the individual UV exposure. Climate change-induced changes in atmospheric factors can influence individual UV exposure.

Methods: On the basis of a topic-specific literature research, a review paper was prepared and supplemented by as yet unpublished results of the authors' own studies. The need for scientific research and development is formulated as well as primary prevention recommendations.

Results: Climate change alters the factors influencing UV irradiance and annual UV dose in Germany. First evaluations of satellite data for Germany show an increase in mean peak UV irradiance and annual UV dose for the last decade compared to the last three decades.

Conclusions: The climate change-related influences on individual UV exposure and the associated individual disease incidence cannot yet be reliably predicted due to considerable uncertainties. However, the current UV-related burden of disease already requires primary preventive measures to prevent UV-related diseases.

Keywords: ADAPTATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLOUD COVER; HEALTH; OZONE; UV RADIATION.

Figure 1

Mean relative frequency of UV Index classes at midday at four sites in Germany (indicated are latitude, longitude and altitude of the site above sea level) Source: Own representation based on Vitt et al. [7]; data basis extended to 2019 (Deutscher Wetterdienst)

Figure 2

Anomalies of the UV Index (UVI) and differences in the UVI between Munich and Sylt. Columns show anomalies of the UVI in the period 2010–2019 compared to 1983–2019 per thirds of month (four-site mean). Source: Own representation based on Vitt et al. [7]; data basis extended to 2019 (Deutscher Wetterdienst)