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Review
. 2023 Nov;31(4):511-519.
doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2023.06.002. Epub 2023 Jul 14.

Neuromodulators for Skin

Anya Costeloe  1 , Angela Nguyen  2 , Corey Maas  3
Affiliations
Review

Neuromodulators for Skin

Anya Costeloe et al. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Neurotoxins are the most popular nonsurgical aesthetic procedure for men and women of all ages. Five botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) products represent the current palette of available BoNTA for cosmetic use. Off-label uses of BoNTA continue to expand and are now used for skin rejuvenation, to treat various skin disorders, and in facial nerve paralysis. Dermal and subdermal injections of dilute BoNTA has grown in popularity and been shown to improve skin texture and quality. Common targets for chemodenervation in facial nerve synkinesis are ipsilateral orbicularis oculi, mentalis, depressor anguli oris, buccinator, corrugator muscles, and the ipsilateral and/or contralateral frontalis.

Keywords: AbobotulinumtoxinA; Botulinum toxin; DaxibotulinumtoxinA; IncobotulinumtoxinA; Microtox; Neurotoxins; OnabotulinumtoxinA.

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