. 2023 Nov 11;58(6):612-618.

doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agad063.

Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania: a modelling study for 2000-2021

Mindaugas Štelemėkas^{1

2

3}, Nijolė Goštautaitė Midttun^{3

4}, Shannon Lange^{5

6

7}, Vaida Liutkutė-Gumarov^{1

3}, Jakob Manthey^{8

9}, Laura Miščikienė¹, Janina Petkevičienė^{1

2}, Ričardas Radišauskas^{10

11}, Jürgen Rehm^{5

6

7

8

12

13

14}, Justina Trišauskė¹, Tadas Telksnys¹, Mark James Thompson^{1

15}

Affiliations

¹ Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
² Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
³ Lithuanian Tobacco and Alcohol Control Coalition, Stiklių st. 8, Vilnius 01131, Lithuania.
⁴ Mental Health Initiative, Teatro st. 3-10, Vilnius 03107, Lithuania.
⁵ Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S2S1, Canada.
⁶ Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8thfloor, Toronto, ON M5T1R8, Canada.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, Leipzig 04103,Germany.
¹⁰ Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, Kaunas 50103, Lithuania.
¹¹ Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
¹² Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T1P8, Canada.
¹³ Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, 81-95 Roc Boronat St., Barcelona 08005, Spain.
¹⁴ Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
¹⁵ Institute for Wealth and Asset Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.

PMID: 37807756
PMCID: PMC10642605
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad063

Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania: a modelling study for 2000-2021

Mindaugas Štelemėkas et al. Alcohol Alcohol. 2023.

. 2023 Nov 11;58(6):612-618.

doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agad063.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
² Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
³ Lithuanian Tobacco and Alcohol Control Coalition, Stiklių st. 8, Vilnius 01131, Lithuania.
⁴ Mental Health Initiative, Teatro st. 3-10, Vilnius 03107, Lithuania.
⁵ Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S2S1, Canada.
⁶ Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8thfloor, Toronto, ON M5T1R8, Canada.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, Leipzig 04103,Germany.
¹⁰ Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 15, Kaunas 50103, Lithuania.
¹¹ Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas 47181, Lithuania.
¹² Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T1P8, Canada.
¹³ Program on Substance Abuse, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, 81-95 Roc Boronat St., Barcelona 08005, Spain.
¹⁴ Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
¹⁵ Institute for Wealth and Asset Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.

PMID: 37807756
PMCID: PMC10642605
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad063

Abstract

The aim of the study was to estimate unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania for the period 2000-2021 using an indirect method for modelling consumption based on official consumption data and indicators of alcohol-related harm. Methodology employed for estimating the unrecorded alcohol consumption was proposed by Norström and was based on the country's 2019 European Health Interview Survey and indicators of fully alcohol-attributable mortality. The proportion of unrecorded alcohol consumption was estimated as 8.30% (95% CI 7.7-8.9%) for 2019 in Lithuania. The estimated total (recorded and unrecorded) alcohol per capita consumption among individuals 15 years of age and older in 2019 was 12.2 L of pure alcohol, 1.01 (95% CI 0.94-1.09%) L of which is likely unrecorded. The lowest unrecorded alcohol level was estimated for 2009 and 2014, while 2018 had the highest level (i.e. 9.33% of total alcohol per capita consumption). Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania is likely to be modest when compared to recorded alcohol consumption, the latter of which still remains a major challenge to public health.

Keywords: Lithuania; alcohol; alcohol consumption; unrecorded alcohol.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Cited by

Trends of alcohol-attributable deaths in Lithuania 2001-2021: epidemiology and policy conclusions.
Rehm J, Rovira P, Jiang H, Lange S, Shield KD, Tran A, Štelemėkas M. Rehm J, et al. BMC Public Health. 2024 Mar 12;24(1):774. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18237-y. BMC Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38475821 Free PMC article.
The impact of an integrated alcohol policy: The example of Lithuania.
Rehm J, Lange S, Miščikienė L, Jiang H. Rehm J, et al. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2025 Feb;44(2):403-410. doi: 10.1111/dar.13980. Epub 2024 Nov 25. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2025. PMID: 39586650 Free PMC article.

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Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania: a modelling study for 2000-2021

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Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Lithuania: a modelling study for 2000-2021

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