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Review
. 2024 Jan;39(1):e4606.
doi: 10.1002/bio.4606. Epub 2023 Oct 23.

Thiophene π-bridge-based second near-infrared luminogens with aggregation-induced emission for biomedical applications

Yonghong Tan  1 , Yan Sun  2 , Weigeng Huang  1 , Dongxia Zhu  2 , Dingyuan Yan  1 , Dong Wang  1 , Ben Zhong Tang  3
Affiliations
Review

Thiophene π-bridge-based second near-infrared luminogens with aggregation-induced emission for biomedical applications

Yonghong Tan et al. Luminescence. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

In the past 5 years, aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with emission in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) optical window have aroused great interest in bioimaging and disease phototheranostics, benefiting from the merits of deep penetration depth, reduced light scatting, high spatial resolution, and minimal photodamage. To construct NIR-II AIEgens, thiophene derivatives are frequently adopted as π-bridge by virtue of their electron-rich feature and good modifiability. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of NIR-II AIEgens by employing thiophene derivatives as π-bridge mainly compassing unsubstituted thiophene, alkyl thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, and benzo[c]thiophene, with a discussion on their structure-property relationships and biomedical applications. Finally, a brief conclusion and perspective on this fascinating area are offered.

Keywords: NIR-II fluorescence imaging; aggregation-induced emission; π-Bridge engineering.

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