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. 2023 Sep 4;9(9):e19847.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19847. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Factors Influencing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) Game Engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Hedonic Motivation System Adoption Model (HMSAM) Approach

William Davin D Perez  1   2 , Yogi Tri Prasetyo  3   4 , Maela Madel L Cahigas  1 , Satria Fadil Persada  5 , Michael Nayat Young  1 , Reny Nadlifatin  6
Affiliations

Factors Influencing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) Game Engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Hedonic Motivation System Adoption Model (HMSAM) Approach

William Davin D Perez et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The prominent form of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is found in the gaming industry. NFT games received immense attention during the COVID-19 pandemic because of their play-to-earn model. NFT gamers can enjoy and increase their finances in their spare time. Hence, the researchers utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the intention and immersive behaviors of 1082 respondents. The modified framework from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Hedonic Motivation System Adoption Model (HMSAM) underwent SEM tests. These theories and methods were used to analyze relationships among hypotheses and assess factors influencing NFT game engagement. The results showed that hedonic motivation produced positive and significant influences on perceived usefulness, curiosity, joy, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Subjective norms significantly influenced perceived ease of use. In due course, perceived ease of use yielded positive and significant effects on perceived usefulness, joy, attitude, and perceived behavioral control. Moreover, perceived usefulness, curiosity, joy, attitude, and perceived behavioral control had significant positive effects on behavioral intention. In addition, perceived usefulness, curiosity, joy, and attitude significantly and positively affected immersion. Meanwhile, only four hypotheses were not supported by the study. These findings were translated into theoretical and managerial implications to contribute to the academe given the strong the change of behavior of users towards NFT games during the pandemic; gaming industry since they will be able to develop, improve and create a new ecosystem in the gaming space, and NFT stakeholders since they will benefit from the development that will influence this study.

Keywords: Blockchain; Hedonic motivation system adoption model; NFT games; Non-fungible token; Structural equation modeling; Theory of planned behavior.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Theoretical framework.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Number of NFT games played per group.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
NFT games player per group.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Initial SEM result.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Modified SEM
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Hypotheses' direct coefficients involving perceived ease of use.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Hedonic Motivation's direct coefficients on corresponding constructs.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Hmsam and TPB constructs' direct coefficients on behavioral intentions.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Hmsam and TPB constructs' direct coefficients on immersion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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