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. 2023 Oct;15(5):465-483.
doi: 10.1177/17585732221123313. Epub 2022 Sep 13.

Variability in quantifying the Hill-Sachs lesion: A scoping review

Shahrukh Khan  1 , Ajaykumar Shanmugaraj  2 , Haseeb Faisal  1 , Carlos Prada  3 , Sohaib Munir  4 , Timothy Leroux  5 , Moin Khan  3   6
Affiliations

Variability in quantifying the Hill-Sachs lesion: A scoping review

Shahrukh Khan et al. Shoulder Elbow. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Currently, is there no consensus on a widely accepted measurement technique for calculating the Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the techniques and imaging modalities to assess the HSL pre-operatively.

Methods: Four online databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and COCHRANE) were searched for literature on the various modalities and measurement techniques used for quantifying HSLs, from data inception to 20 November 2021. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies tool was used to assess study quality.

Results: Forty-five studies encompassing 3413 patients were included in this review. MRA and MRI showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values. Intrarater and interrater agreement was shown to be the highest amongst MRA. The most common reference tests for measuring the HSL were arthroscopy, radiography, arthro-CT, and surgical techniques.

Conclusion: MRA and MRI are reliable imaging modalities with good test diagnostic properties for assessment of HSLs. There is a wide variety of measurement techniques and imaging modalities for HSL assessment, however a lack of comparative studies exists. Thus, it is not possible to comment on the superiority of one technique over another. Future studies comparing imaging modalities and measurement techniques are needed that incorporate a cost-benefit analysis.

Keywords: Hill-Sachs lesion; glenohumeral; measurement; modalities; radiography; shoulder.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
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