Connecting memory and functional brain networks in older adults: a resting-state fMRI study

Abstract

Limited research exists on the association between resting-state functional network connectivity in the brain and learning and memory processes in advanced age. This study examined within-network connectivity of cingulo-opercular (CON), frontoparietal control (FPCN), and default mode (DMN) networks, and verbal and visuospatial learning and memory in older adults. Across domains, we hypothesized that greater CON and FPCN connectivity would associate with better learning, and greater DMN connectivity would associate with better memory. A total of 330 healthy older adults (age range = 65-89) underwent resting-state fMRI and completed the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) in a randomized clinical trial. Total and delayed recall scores were assessed from baseline data, and a learning ratio calculation was applied to participants' scores. Average CON, FPCN, and DMN connectivity values were obtained with CONN Toolbox. Hierarchical regressions controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, years of education, and scanner site, as this was a multi-site study. Greater within-network CON connectivity was associated with better verbal learning (HVLT-R Total Recall, Learning Ratio), visuospatial learning (BVMT-R Total Recall), and visuospatial memory (BVMT-R Delayed Recall). Greater FPCN connectivity was associated with better visuospatial learning (BVMT-R Learning Ratio) but did not survive multiple comparison correction. DMN connectivity was not associated with these measures of learning and memory. CON may make small but unique contributions to learning and memory across domains, making it a valuable target in future longitudinal studies and interventions to attenuate memory decline. Further research is necessary to understand the role of FPCN in learning and memory.

Keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Healthy aging; Learning; Memory; Resting-state networks.

Fig. 1

These correlation plots are depictions of the relationships found between CON connectivity and learning/memory performance, according to the parent regression models. Plots depict the raw correlations between CON connectivity and a–c HVLT-R performance and d–f BVMT-R performance, without controlling for covariates. For reference, beta and f²-values from the parent models are presented with each plot *pFDR < 0.05

Fig. 2

These correlation plots are depictions of the relationships found between FPCN connectivity and learning/memory performance, according to the parent regression models. Plots depict the raw correlations between FPCN connectivity and a–c HVLT-R performance and d–f BVMT-R performance, without controlling for covariates. For reference, beta and f²-values from the parent models are presented with each plot *pFDR < 0.05

Fig. 3

These correlation plots are depictions of the relationships found between DMN connectivity and learning/memory performance, according to the parent regression models. Plots depict the raw correlations between DMN connectivity and a–c HVLT-R performance and d–f BVMT-R performance, without controlling for covariates. For reference, beta and f²-values from the parent models are presented with each plot *pFDR < 0.05